棉隆熏蒸处理对平邑甜茶幼苗生长和生物学特性及土壤环境的影响  

Effects of dazomet fumigation on growth,biological characteristics of Malus hupehensis seedlings and soil environment

作　　者：姜伟涛 陈冉 王海燕 徐少卓 陈学森[1] 沈向[1] 尹承苗[1] 毛志泉[1] JIANG Wei-tao;CHEN Ran;WANG Hai-yan;XU Shao-zhuo;CHEN Xue-sen;SHEN Xiang;YIN Cheng-miao;MAO Zhi-quan(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第9期3085-3092,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201114);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);国家自然科学基金项目(31672104);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF020);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07);泰山学者项目(ts20190923)资助。

摘　　要：本试验以苹果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,通过温室与露地盆栽两种方式,研究不同浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.4 g·kg^-1)棉隆熏蒸对连作土壤微生物环境和平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的棉隆熏蒸均能促进连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,其中以0.2 g·kg^-1处理的效果最显著。0.2 g·kg^-1棉隆熏蒸下,平邑甜茶幼苗在温室和露地条件下的株高、地径、地上部干质量、地下部干质量分别比连作对照提高了192.9%和91.8%、72.8%和60.1%、196.8%和195.0%、138.5%和130.7%;幼苗根系相关指标(根长、根面积、根体积、根系呼吸速率)也明显优于其他处理;幼苗根系的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别比连作对照提高了114.6%和118.5%、123.5%和107.6%、164.6%和175.6%;幼苗根系的丙二醛含量也显著低于其他处理。随着棉隆施用浓度的增加,土壤细菌含量、真菌含量、尖孢镰孢菌基因拷贝数、土壤酶活性均显著降低,连作土壤真菌群落结构也发生了不同程度的改变。综上,0.2 g·kg^-1棉隆熏蒸可以提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。在苹果老果园重茬建园时,可以优先考虑0.2 g·kg^-1的棉隆熏蒸处理。In this study,we examined the effects of dazomet fumigation with different concentrations(0,0.1,0.2,0.4 g·kg-1)on the microbial characteristics of continuous cropping soil and growth of Malus hupehensis seedling in greenhouse and open-field pot.The results showed that all the treatment of dazomet fumigation could promote the growth of M.hupehensis seedlings in continuous cropping soil,with 0.2 g·kg-1 treatment showing the strongest effect.Compared to the control,plant height,stem diameter,dry weight of M.hupehensis seedlings in 0.2 g·kg-1 dazomet fumigation were increased by 192.9%and 91.8%,72.8%and 60.1%,196.8%and 195.0%,138.5%and 130.7%,respectively in greenhouse and open-field.The root related indices(root length,root area,root volume,root respiration rate)were significantly promoted.The activities of SOD,POD,CAT in roots were increased by 114.6%and 118.5%,123.5%and 107.6%,164.6%and 175.6%respectively compared with the control,whereas the content of malondialdehyde was significantly lowered.Soil bacterial content,fungal content,copy number of Fusarium oxysporum gene and soil enzyme activity were significantly decreased with the increasing dazomet concentrations.In conclusion,0.2 g·kg-1 dazomet fumigation could increase the biomass of M.hupehensis seedlings in continuous cropping,improve soil environment,and effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.Therefore,0.2 g·kg-1 dazomet fumigation could be given priority during the reconstruction of old apple orchards.

关 键 词：棉隆 苹果连作障碍 平邑甜茶 尖孢镰孢菌 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]