生物炭和EM菌对黄河三角洲盐碱地田菁生长和光合特性的影响  

Effects of biochar and EM application on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sesbania cannabina in saline-alkali soil of the Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：崔倩 夏江宝[1] 刘京涛[1] 杨红军[1] 彭玲 CUI Qian;XIA Jiang-bao;LIU Jing-tao;YANG Hong-jun;PENG Ling(Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmen-tal Science for the Yellow River Delta,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256603,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第9期3101-3110,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505904);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019PD012);山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室(中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所)开放基金项目(2019SDHADKFJJ10);山东省高等学校“青创科技支持”计划项目(2019KJD010);泰山学者工程专项资金资助。

摘　　要：为揭示生物炭和EM菌对黄河三角洲田菁生长和光合作用的影响,通过盆栽试验,进行不同EM菌处理(不添加EM菌,EM-;添加EM菌,EM+)和不同水平生物炭处理(0,B_0;0.5%,B_1;1.5%,B_2;3%,B_3;生物炭质量/土壤质量),测定田菁生长指标、光合光响应曲线和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明:在生物炭和EM菌及其交互处理中,EM+B_3处理效果最好,其中田菁株高、基径和总生物量比EM-B_0分别显著增加69.5%、90.0%和141.1%。生物炭和EM菌显著改善田菁的光合作用,EM+B_3处理田菁的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度比EM-B_0分别提高93.8%、35.1%、43.4%、34.8%。生物炭和EM菌有效改善叶绿素荧光参数,EM+B_3处理的潜在光化学效率、实际光化学效率、表观光合电子传递效率和非光化学淬灭系数比EM-B_0分别显著提高25.8%、31.5%、37.2%和56.8%。田菁的生长指标、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数在EM+处理下随着生物炭量的增加而增大,而在EM-处理下B_3出现抑制现象。添加EM菌和3%生物炭(EM+B_3)有助于提高田菁光合能力和叶绿素荧光特性,拓宽叶片的光照生态幅,增强保水抗旱性能,促进田菁的生长。We examined the effects of biochar and effective mircoorganisms(EM)application on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sesbania cannabina in the Yellow River Delta,by a pot experiment with different EM treatments(without EM addition,EM-;with EM addition,EM+)and a gradient of biochar treatments(0,B0;0.5%,B1;1.5%,B2;3%,B3;biochar weight/soil weight).The growth parameters,photosynthetic light response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of S.cannabina were measured.The results showed that the EM+B3 treatment had the best effect among all the treatments.Compared with the EM-B0 treatment,the EM+B3 treatment increased height,stem diameter,and total biomass by 69.5%,90.0%and 141.1%,respectively.Biochar and EM significantly improved photosynthetic capacity.Compared with the EM-B0 treatment,the EM+B3 treatment significantly enhanced the maximum light response of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,water use efficiency,and stomatal conductance by 93.8%,35.1%,43.4%,and 34.8%,respectively.Biochar and EM improved the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence.Compared with the EM-B0 treatment,the EM+B3 treatment significantly increased the potential photochemical efficiency,the actual photochemical efficiency,the apparent electron transport rate and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient by 25.8%,31.5%,37.2%,and 56.8%,respectively.The parameters of growth,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence increased with the increasing biochar under EM+treatments,whereas the B3 treatment had negative effect under EM-treatments.The co-addition of EM and 3%biochar(EM+B3)could improve the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of S.cannabina,broaden light ecological amplitude,boost the water retention and drought resistance property,and promote the growth of S.cannabina.

关 键 词：生物炭 EM菌 田菁 光合特征 叶绿素荧光参数 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S55[农业科学—农业基础科学]