利用PBET法评价石家庄市公园尘土中重金属的人体健康风险  

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in the dust of park in Shijiazhuang by PBET method

作　　者：王可[1] 王小青[1] 黄笑晨 曹丽玲[1] 赵灵芝 冯佩[1] WANG Ke;WANG Xiaoqing;HUANG Xiaochen;CAO Liling;ZHAO Lingzhi;FENG Pei(Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hebei 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市疾病预防控制中心,河北050011

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2020年第9期821-826,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划(ZL20140019)。

摘　　要：目的对公园不同活动场所表面尘土中8种典型重金属(Zn、Mn、Pb、Cu、Sr、Cr、As、Cd)经尘土-人途径的健康风险进行评估,为控制重金属污染水平,保障人民身体健康提供科学依据。方法采用生理原理提取法(Physiologically Based Extraction Test,PBET)计算尘土中8种重金属生物可给性,并根据日摄入量和生物可给量评价其对人体的健康风险。结果公园地表尘土中8种重金属的含量从大到小为:Zn、Mn、Pb、Cu、Sr、Cr、As、Cd,其在门口含量分别为326.49、313.41、65.78、54.31、51.17、39.10、11.71、1.15 mg/kg,休闲区分别为306.74、302.24、66.46、49.01、49.01、33.52、10.65、1.10 mg/kg,其中重金属Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd的含量均高出河北省土壤背景值。成人和儿童在门口区域的平均日摄入重金属的含量分别为14.54、23.70、3.30、2.87、5.43、2.52、0.47、0.05μg/d和58.17、94.79、13.20、11.49、21.70、10.07、1.86、0.18μg/d;在休闲区平均日摄入重金属的含量分别为16.42、23.79、4.21、2.63、5.66、2.54、0.49、0.06μg/d和65.67、95.14、16.84、10.54、22.63、10.15、1.96、0.23μg/d。在胃肠模拟阶段,除Cu和Sr外,其他重金属在胃阶段的生物可给性大于肠阶段的生物可给性,休闲区重金属的生物可给性大于公园门口重金属生物可给性,成人和儿童对8种金属的日摄入量和不同阶段生物可给量均低于每日可耐受量。结论通过不同消化阶段的生物可给量和日摄入量的比较,发现各公园内不同区域的尘土重金属污染对人体有较低的潜在风险,但随着在人体内积累量的增加,其对人体的健康风险有增加的可能,且对儿童的风险高于成人。Objective To assess the health risks of the dust-human exposure of eight kinds of typical heavy metals(Zn,Mn,Pb,Cu,Sr,Cr,As,Cd) in the surface dust of different areas in the park,and to provide scientific evidence for the control of heavy metals pollution and the protection of people’s health.Methods The Physiologically Based Extraction Test(PBET) was used to calculate the bioavailability of 8 kinds of heavy metals in the dust,and the health risks to humans were evaluated based on daily intakes and bioavailable amounts.Results The concentrations(mg/kg) of eight heavy metals in the surface dust of the park were arranged from large to small as follows:Zn,Mn,Pb,Cu,Sr,Cr,As,Cd,and their contents at the park gate were 326.49,313.41,65.78,54.31,51.17,39.10,11.71 and 1.15 mg/kg,respectively.The contents at leisure areas were 306.74,302.24,66.46,49.01,49.01,33.52,10.65 and 1.10 mg/kg,respectively.Among them,the contents of Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd were higher than the background values of Hebei soil.The average daily intakes of metals(Zn,Mn,Pb,Cu,Sr,Cr,As,Cd) for adults were 14.54,23.70,3.30,2.87,5.43,2.52,0.47 and 0.05 μg/d,respectively.And that for children were 58.17,94.79,13.20,11.49,21.70,10.07,1.86 and 0.18 μg/d,respectively.In the leisure areas,the average daily intakes of 8 heavy metals in adults were 16.42,23.79,4.21,2.63,5.66,2.54,0.49 and 0.06 μg/d,respectively.And that in children were 65.67,95.14,16.84,10.54,22.63,10.15,1.96 and 0.23 μg/d,respectively.Except Cu and Sr,the bioavailability of other heavy metals in the gastric phase was higher than that of the intestinal phase,with greater bioavailability of heavy metals in the leisure areas than at the park gates.The daily intakes and the bioavailable amounts of 8 metals for adults and children were lower than their daily tolerable doses.Conclusion Through the comparison of the bioavailable amounts and daily intakes,it is found that the heavy metals of dust in different areas of the park have lower potential risks to the human body.However,with their accumulation

关 键 词：生物可给性 城市公园 尘土 重金属 健康风险 

分 类 号：R595.2[医药卫生—内科学]