南通市新诊断尘肺病特征流行病学研究  

Epidemiological study on characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Nantong City

作　　者：张荣荣[1] 杨小梅[1] 尹仕伟[1] 毛叶挺[1] 蒋剑萍 ZHANG Rongrong;YANG Xiaomei;YIN Shiwei;MAO Yeting;JIANG Jianping(Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]南通市疾病预防控制中心,江苏226007

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2020年第9期831-834,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：江苏省预防医学科研项目(Y2015029)。

摘　　要：目的探讨南通市新诊断尘肺病例特征,为尘肺的预防和诊断工作提供经验。方法对南通市疾病预防控制中心近10年登记存档的新诊断尘肺病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果10年新诊断尘肺病例93例,男女之比为10.6∶1,主要以矽肺(50.5%)和电焊工尘肺(19.3%)为主;中位发病年龄54岁,中位发病工龄13.8年,各期发病年龄、工龄差异无统计学意义(χ^2=5.075、2.952,P>0.05);中位开始接尘年龄28岁,各期差异有统计学意义(χ^2=15.479,P<0.001);发病工种主要为工厂其他工种(26.9%)、电焊工(19.4%)和清砂工(12.9%);发病行业以制造业(73.1%)为主,通州(23.7%)、如皋(21.5%)病例最多。高仟伏胸片存在较多圆形小阴影(81.7%),以p影(60.2%)为主,小阴影分布以两中肺区最多;大阴影分布以两上肺区居多,以团块影为主。结论南通市新诊断尘肺以矽肺和电焊工尘肺为主,应将制造业作为尘肺防治的重点行业,电焊工和清砂工作为重点防治人群。需加强对中小型企业的监管,有效降低尘肺的发生。Objective To explore the characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Nantong and provide experience for the prevention and diagnosis of this disease.Methods The data of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases collected from Nantong CDC over the past nearly 10 years were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 93 cases were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis in recent 10 years.The ratio of males to females was 10.6∶1.The main types of pneumoconiosis were silicosis(50.5%)and welder pneumoconiosis(19.3%).The median incidence age was 54 years old,and the median length of service was 13.8 years.There were no statistically significant differences in incidence age and length of service among different stages(χ^2=5.075,2.952,P>0.05).The median age of first exposure to dust was 28 years old,there were statistically significant differences among different stages(χ^2=15.479,P<0.001).The disease was mainly concentrated on workers with different working types,including other types(26.9%),electric welders(19.4%)and granulated substance cleaning operators(12.9%).The industry distribution was mainly manufacturing(73.1%).Tongzhou(23.7%)and Rugao(21.5%)had the most newly diagnosed cases.There were a lot of small round shadows(81.7%)presented in high kv chest radiograph,and the majority was‘p’shadow(60.2%).The small shadows mostly distributed in the middle of lung zones,while large shadows mostly distributed in the upper lung zones,with mass shadows as priority.Conclusion In Nantong City,the main types of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis were silicosis and welder pneumoconiosis.Manufacturing should be seen as the key industry during the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis,and electric welders and granulated substance cleaning operators should be the target population.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of small and medium enterprises to effectively reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis.

关 键 词：尘肺 流行病学 高仟伏胸片 小阴影 研究 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]