冷战时期美国对台军事援助政策的调整  

The Adjustment of U.S.Military Assistance to Taiwan during the Cold War

作　　者：陈长伟[1] Chen Changwei

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2020年第4期106-135,8,共31页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：20世纪60年代中后期,美国国防部启动了对台湾军事援助项目的评估,重新审议美国对台军援的目标、台军性质及防御台湾所需的军援水平等重要问题。评估结果认为,美国对台的军事援助规模远超美国对台政治目标所需要的程度,美国对台军事援助政策必须加以调整。该建议导致1967年之后美国大幅削减对台的军事援助规模,并为1971年之后美国对台军事援助从无偿援助逐渐向军事销售的转变铺平道路。美国对台军事援助政策的调整不仅出于减轻经济负担、优化军事援助资源使用的考量,还希望通过这一调整来消除美国对台军事援助政策和美国对台政治目标之间的矛盾,使其对台军事援助政策更好地服务于希望台海两岸分裂、并实现长期分治的终极目标。In the late 1960 s,the U.S.Department of Defense conducted a major reappraisal of the U.S. Military Assistance Program(MAP)to Taiwan.The Department reviewed the U.S.objectives in Taiwan,examined the capabilities of Taiwan’s military,and assessed the military necessities for the defense of Taiwan.The review concluded that U.S.military assistance to Taiwan had far exceeded what was needed to realize U.S.objectives in Taiwan.Therefore,the U.S.MAP should be restructured.This review led to a sharp cut in U.S.military assistance toward Taiwan in1967 and paved the way for the replacement of military assistance by credit sale in 1971.The adjustment of U.S.military assistance was not just to lighten the economic burden that military assistance program placed on the U.S.government. More importantly,it was also driven by the desire to bring the U.S.military objective in Taiwan into closer alignment with U.S.political policy toward China – the positioning of Taiwan as an independent political force free from China's Mainland’s control.

关 键 词：地区与国别政治 中美关系 美国对台政策 军事援助 反攻大陆 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] E289.58[政治法律—外交学]