前期灌溉延迟对河套灌区地膜春小麦生长的影响  

Effect of Prophase Irrigation Postponed on the Growth of Film Mulching Spring Wheat in Hetao Irrigated Area

作　　者：罗东 白岗栓[2] 苗庆丰[3] 边利强 LUO Dong;BAI Gang-shuan;MIAO Qing-feng;BIAN Li-qiang(Shaanxi Yian Construction Engineering Co. LTD, Xi'an 710021, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010020, China;Dengkou Water Resources Bureau, Dengkou 015200, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西怡安建设工程有限公司,西安710021 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010020 [4]磴口县水利局,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第10期15-19,25,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“黄土高原生态修复模式的格局-结构-功能关系”(2016YFC0501602)。

摘　　要：为了减少地膜春小麦生长前期的冗长生长量,提高地膜春小麦的千粒重及产量,试验以河套灌区地膜春小麦的常规灌溉时期为对照,将地膜春小麦生长前期的灌溉,即分蘖期和孕穗初期的灌溉分别延迟10、15和20 d,监测前期灌溉延迟对扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期的土壤水分及地膜春小麦生长的影响。结果表明前期灌溉延迟提高了扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期的土壤水分,且延迟越晚,土壤水分越高;前期灌溉延迟降低了地膜春小麦的分蘖力,提高了分蘖成穗力,减少了不孕小穗数,提高了穗粒数、千粒重及籽粒产量,提高了土壤水分利用效率和水分产出率,其中分蘖期和孕穗初期的灌溉分别延迟15 d的效果最佳。河套灌溉地膜春小麦生长前期的灌溉应在地膜春小麦拔节孕穗期和孕穗抽穗期,即比当地地膜春小麦的灌溉延迟15 d左右。In order to reduce the verbosity growth at prophase and increase the 1000-grain weight and yield of film mulching spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area,the experiment took conventional irrigation stage as the control,the irrigation time of prophase growth period,i.e.tillering stage irrigation(the first irrigation)and booting stage irrigation(the second irrigation)was postponed by 10,15 and 20 d respectively,and the effects of prophase irrigation postponed on the soil moisture and the growth of film mulching spring wheat were monitored in Hetao irrigation area.The results showed that postponed prophase irrigation increased the soil moisture at flowering,filling and maturing stage;the later the prophase irrigation stage,the higher the soil moisture;the postponed prophase irrigation reduced the tillering ability,improved the ability of spike formation,reduced the number of infertility spikelet,improved grain numbers per spike,improved 1000-grain weight and yield,and improved the soil water use efficiency and soil water production efficiency of film mulching spring wheat;among the different treatments,irrigation delay of 15 days at tillering stage and early booting stage had the best effect.The first and the second irrigation stage of film mulching spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area should be postponed at the joint-boot stage and the boot-head stage,i.e,about 15 days later than the conventional irrigation stage.

关 键 词：地膜春小麦 生长前期 灌溉延迟 土壤水分 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S274.1