喷灌与漫灌对稻田系统小气候影响分析  

Effects of Sprinkling Irrigation and Flooding Irrigation on Microclimate of Rice Field System

作　　者：何佳敏 景元书[1] 韩丽娟 王帅 HE Jia-min;JING Yua-shu;HAN Li-juan;WANG Shuai(Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting Warning and Assessment/College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044,China;China National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第10期26-33,40,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41575111);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)项目(2017-NY-038)。

摘　　要：为研究喷灌与漫灌对稻田系统小气候的影响,于2018年在稻田试验区设置了4个不同的灌溉处理:对照处理(CK,漫灌,保持田间水深0~1 cm);喷灌处理(A1,保持田间水深5 cm);漫灌处理(A2,保持田间水深5 cm);漫灌处理(A3,保持田间水深10 cm)。对比分析了整个灌水时期稻田冠层不同高度处的平均温度和相对湿度、土壤不同深度处的平均温度,并运用灰色关联度计算了不同灌溉处理与稻田小气候之间的关联系数。结果显示,灌水会使土壤温度降低,稻田冠层内温度降低、相对湿度升高,对稻田小气候具有正向调节作用。从整个灌水时期看,漫灌对稻田小气候的影响比喷灌略微明显。若将灌溉方式由漫灌改为喷灌,其效果相差也不大,但从节水方面考虑,却更具有经济意义。In order to study the impact of sprinkler irrigation and diffuse irrigation on the microclimate of paddy fields,four different irrigation treatments were set up in the experimental areas of paddy fields in 2018,including control treatment(CK,diffuse irrigation,keeping the field water depth 0-1cm);sprinkling irrigation treatment(A1,keeping the depth of the field 5cm);diffuse irrigation treatment(A2,keeping the depth of the field 5cm);diffuse irrigation treatment(A3,keeping the depth of the field 10 cm).The average temperature and the average relative humidity at different canopy heights and the average temperature at different soil depths during the whole irrigation period were compared and analyzed.The results showed that irrigation could reduce the soil temperature,decrease the temperature in the canopy and increase the relative humidity,which had a positive regulating effect on the microclimate of paddy fields.From the whole irrigation period,the influence of diffuse irrigation on paddy field microclimate is slightly more obvious than sprinkling irrigation.If the irrigation method is changed from diffuse irrigation to sprinkling irrigation,the difference in effect is not big,but from the aspect of saving water,it has more economic significance.

关 键 词：喷灌 漫灌 稻田 小气候 稻田小气候的调节 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]