美国寿险业的发展特征及启示--基于保险监管的视角  

The Development Characteristics and Enlightenment of the U.S.Life Insurance Industry——Based on the Perspective of Insurance Supervision

作　　者：高春燕 Gao Chunyan

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院博士后流动站,北京100000 [2]中国银行保险监督管理委员会博士后工作站,北京100033

出　　处：《西南金融》2020年第10期59-68,共10页Southwest Finance

摘　　要：美国寿险市场高度发达,在国民经济生活中发挥着重要作用。本文基于保险监管视角,对美国寿险业的发展特征和美国保险监管制度进行分析研究。对美国寿险业发展特征的研究发现:从市场主体看,美国寿险公司虽经历过两次数量的减少阶段,但目前寿险公司数量依然较多,寿险市场竞争激烈;从保险深度与保险密度看,美国寿险市场规模较大、寿险产品的普及程度较高;从收入结构看,美国寿险业产品结构以年金业务为主、传统寿险和医疗保险为辅,并且投资收入也越来越成为寿险公司收入的重要部分;从资产配置结构看,寿险公司持有的金融资产规模不断扩大,资产配置公司债券的比例最高,其次是公司股票。对美国保险监管制度的分析发现完备的法律制度建设是保险监管的保障。我国寿险业可借鉴美国寿险业的发展经验,在培育市场主体、丰富寿险资金运用、发展商业养老保险、加强保险监管法制建设等方面着力提升。The U.S.life insurance market is highly developed and plays an important role in the national eco⁃nomic life.Based on the perspective of insurance supervision,this paper analyzes the development characteristics of the U.S.life insurance industry and the U.S.insurance supervision system.Research on the characteristics of the de⁃velopment of the U.S.life insurance industry finds that:from the perspective of market entities,although the U.S.life insurance companies have experienced two decline stages,the current number of life insurance companies in the U.S.is still large,and the life insurance market is highly competitive;from the perspective of insurance depth and in⁃surance density,life insurance market in the U.S.is relatively large and the popularity of life insurance products is relatively high;from the perspective of income structure,the product structure of the U.S.life insurance industry is dominated by annuity business,supplemented by traditional life insurance and medical insurance,and investment income has increasingly become an important part of the income of life insurance companies;from the perspective of asset allocation structure,the scale of financial assets held by life insurance companies continues to expand in the U.S.,with the highest proportion of asset allocation corporate bonds,followed by company stocks.The analysis of the U.S.insurance supervision system finds that a complete legal system is the guarantee of insurance supervision.China's life insurance industry can learn from the development experience of the U.S.life insurance industry and make ef⁃forts to improve in terms of cultivating market players,enriching the use of life insurance funds,developing commer⁃cial pension insurance,and strengthening the legal system for insurance supervision.

关 键 词：美国寿险 人口老龄化 寿险市场 寿险资金运用 商业养老保险 年金保险 保险监管 保险公司资产配置 

分 类 号：F843/847[经济管理—保险]