船用高强钢激光电弧复合焊焊缝成形及其机理研究  

Study on the Weld Appearance and Forming Mechanism during Laser-arc Hybrid Welding of Ship High Strength Steel

作　　者：任闻杰 郑惠锦 李铸国[1] 王高飞[2] Ren Wenjie;Zheng Huijin;Li Zhuguo;Wang Gaofei(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification,Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学上海市激光制造与材料改性重点实验室,上海200240 [2]上海船舶工艺研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《应用激光》2020年第3期465-471,共7页Applied Laser

基　　金：上海市工业强基工程(项目编号:GYQJ-2017-4-04);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(项目编号:2019M651461);国家自然科学基金(项目编号:E51905343)。

摘　　要：本文采用高速摄影技术和宏观金相对船用E36高强钢激光复合焊接熔滴过渡、焊缝成形及其机制进行研究。结果表明:与激光引导电弧复合焊接相比,电弧引导激光复合焊焊缝熔宽降低,余高增加,其熔滴过渡速率低于激光前引导模式。增加激光功率能消除焊缝背面焊瘤,弧长修正系数过大会降低熔滴进入熔池过程的稳定性,使焊缝成形质量降低。随着光丝间距的增加,熔池长度增加,激光金属蒸气对熔滴的作用力和熔滴下部的电磁力降低,减少了熔滴过渡的阻力。电弧前引导时,焊缝熔池金属铺展性较差,熔宽和余高逐渐降低;激光前引导时,背面熔宽增加,当光丝间距为8 mm时,两热源熔池近似分离,焊缝出现明显凹陷。The droplet transfer,the bead appearance and its forming mechanism were studied by the high-speed photography and macro-metallograph.Compared to laser-lead arc hybrid welding,the reinforcement was increased and width was reduced during the arc-lead laser hybrid welding.The speed of droplet transfer in the laser-lead arc hybrid welding was higher than one in the arc-leading laser hybrid welding.Increasing the laser power eliminated the weld hump on the back of weld.Too high arc length correction coefficient reduced the process stability of the droplet entering the pool,and the appearance and quality of weld was poor.With increasing the space of laser and arc,the length of weld pool was increased,while the force of the metal vapor on the droplet and the electromagnetic force at the bottom of the droplet were reduced,so the resistance of the droplet transition was reduced.In the arc leading mode,the spreadability of weld metal was poor,and the reinforcement and width was reduced.In the laser leading mode,the width of the back weld was increased,and the surface of the weld had indentation at the space of laser and arc of 8 mm due to the two types of the heat source were approximately separated.

关 键 词：激光电弧复合焊 熔滴过渡 焊缝成形 引导方式 光丝间距 

分 类 号：TG456[金属学及工艺—焊接]