果农施用农药的效率测度与减少错配的驱动力量——基于中国桃主产县524个种植户的实证分析  

The Analysis of Efficiency Measurement of Pesticide Application for Fruit Growers and the Driving Force to Reduce Misallocation:Empirical Analysis:Based on 524 Peach Farmers from 85 Production Counties in China

作　　者：展进涛[1] 张慧仪 陈超[1] ZHAN Jintao;ZHANG Huiyi;CHEN Chao

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院/中国粮食安全研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期148-156,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“异质性视角下农业重大病虫害协同防治的同群效应及干预机制研究”;国家自然科学基金项目“转基因食品安全性事件的同伴效应及对信息分享行为的影响机制研究:社会影响的视角”;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：面对农业面源污染严峻和农业生产要素成本上升的双重压力,推进化学农药减量增效以及病虫害绿色综合防控是实现农业可持续发展目标的政策要求之一。基于2018年全国85个县524份桃种植户调研样本,运用损失控制模型估算果农农药投入的边际生产率,进而采用Probit方法分析影响果农过量施用农药的因素。研究发现:75.38%的样本果农存在过量施药现象,且在控制了病虫害发生程度下,政府有施药检查经历、市场组织化程度高、文化水平较高的果农过量施用农药的概率越低。此外,对不同病虫害防治模式进行分组回归的结果表明:政府施药监管对于抑制纯化学农药防治下的过量投入影响显著,过量施药概率下降14.26%;加入合作社、企业等市场组织对于采纳病虫害绿色防控防治模式具有较强的激励效果,过量施药概率下降10.42%。In the face of the double pressure of severe agricultural non-point source pollution and rising cost of agricultural production factors,it is one of the policy requirements to promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical pesticides and green comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases to achieve the goal of agricultural sustainable development.Based on 524 peach farmers'survey data of China in 2018,this paper uses the improved damage control model to estimate the marginal productivity of pesticide input factors of fruit farmers,and then uses Probit method to analyze the factors affecting excessive pesticide application of fruit farmers.The results show that the average marginal productivity of pesticide is close to 0,which indicates that there is a certain degree of overuse of pesticide.However,under the control of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests,the probability of overuse of pesticide is lower when the government has the supervision and inspection of pesticide application,the degree of market organization is high,and the level of education is high.In addition,the results of group regression of different pest control modes show that the government’s supervision and inspection policies have a significant impact on the inhibition of excessive pesticide investment under the pure chemical pesticide control mode,and the high degree of market organization has a strong normative effect on the adoption of green control mode.It can be seen that,in addition to strengthening green prevention and control subsidies,the current reduction of pesticide investment in fruit and vegetable products can not relax government regulation while giving play to market guidance.

关 键 词：边际生产率 损失控制模型 病虫害防治 绿色防控技术 施药行为 

分 类 号：F326.12[经济管理—产业经济]