阿尔茨海默病患者预防吸入性肺炎护理对策  

Nursing strategies for preventing aspiration pneumonia after indwelling gastric tube in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

作　　者：张美兰 吴婉玲[1] 张晓丹 ZHANG Mei-lan;WU Wan-ling;ZHANG Xiao-dan(Department of Neurology,The First Affiliated Hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第一医院神经科,广州510080 [2]惠州市中大惠亚医院内科,惠州516000

出　　处：《阿尔茨海默病及相关病杂志》2020年第3期232-234,共3页Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders

摘　　要：目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病患者发生吸入性肺炎(AP)的危险因素,并提出防范对策,为临床护理提供参考。方法:回顾分析本院阿尔茨海默病住院患者吸入性肺炎发生率,分析患者误吸高风险因素,并总结防治对策。结果:2015年1月至2019年12月共337例阿尔茨海默病患者吸入性肺炎发生率1.7%。结论:阿尔茨海默病患者发生吸入性肺炎的危险因素较多,护士应重视阿尔茨海默病患者照顾者的日常照护技能指导及健康教育、关注鼻腔外部胃管长度及呼吸道分泌物的变化、个性化管理营养泵输入鼻饲液或营养液的速度及输入总量和做好鼻饲后翻身和吸痰的时机管理,降低吸入性肺炎发生率。Objective:To explore the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia(AP)in patients with Alzheimer’s disease after indwelling of gastric tube,and to put forward preventive measures to provide reference for clinical nursing.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the patients with Alzheimer’s disease who were admitted to our hospital with gastric catheter.The risk factors of aspiration were analyzed and the prevention and treatment strategies were summarized.Results:A total of 337 patients with Alzheimer’s disease were included in the study from January 2015 to December 2019,and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 1.7%.The length of gastric tube indwelling,the method of nasal feeding and the adjustment of body position are the risk factors for developing aspiration pneumonia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with gastric tube indwelling.Conclusion:Aspiration pneumonia(hap)in patients with Alzheimer’s disease risk factors is more,the nurse should pay attention to Alzheimer’s patients caretakers of daily care skills guidance and health education,pay attention to external nasal gastric tube length and the change of respiratory secretions,personalized management input nasogastric nutrition pump fluid or speed and total input of nutrient solution and do the time management of sputum suction roll over and after nasal feeding,reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 留置胃管 吸入性肺炎 护理 

分 类 号：R194[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]