甘薯秸秆转化肥料在甘薯生产中的应用效果评价  

Evaluation of Application of Fertilizer Converted from Straw of Sweet-potato in Sweet-potato Pro⁃duction

作　　者：李仁崑[1] 毛思帅[1] 闫加启 赵娇娜 周永香 崔永恒 LI Renkun(Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [2]北京市大兴区农业技术推广站,北京102600 [3]北京市通州区农业技术推广站,北京101101

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2020年第19期140-142,共3页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市粮经作物产业创新团队(BAIC09);观光型蔬菜栽培模式筛选及配套设施建设与废弃物循环利用(PXM2018_036204_000050)。

摘　　要：甘薯连年种植会导致土壤养分失衡,病虫害发生严重,影响作物生产;甘薯秸秆直接还田,会传播病原菌,促进连作障碍。为解决这一问题,利用专业发酵设备将甘薯秸秆快速转化为有机肥,再应用到甘薯生产地块,研究秸秆转化有机肥对土壤养分、土传病害以及甘薯产量效益的影响,评价甘薯秸秆快速转化有机肥料的应用效果。结果表明:在常规施复合肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15)600kg/hm^2的基础上,底施以甘薯秸秆为主发酵有机肥(有机质≥50%)7500kg/hm^2,减轻了土壤病害,改善了土壤状况,促进了甘薯植株对N、P、K的获取。甘薯单株结薯数比对照显著增加13.8%,产量增加16.9%,产值也显著增加,效益增加11.5%。Planting sweet potato in successive years will lead to imbalance of soil nutrients,serious pests and diseas⁃es,affecting crop production.Direct return of sweet potato straw to the field will spread pathogens and promote contin⁃uous cropping obstacles.In order to solve this problem,the sweet potato straw was converted into organic fertilizer in short time,by using professional fermentation equipment,and then applied to field for the production of sweet potato.Through the study of the effects of straw-converted organic fertilizer on soil nutrient,soil-borne diseases and the yield of sweet potato,the application effect of organic fertilizer converted from straw of sweet-potato was evaluated.The results indicated,based on conventional compound fertilizer(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15)600kg/hm^2,7500 kg/hm^2 fertilizer converted from straw of sweet-potato(organic matter≥50%)was used.The soil disease was alleviated,the soil condition was improved,and the acquisition of N,P and K by sweet potato plants was promoted.The number of sweet potato per plant was significantly increased by 13.8%compared with the control,the yield was then signifi⁃cantly increased by 16.9%,and the output value was also significantly increased.The benefit was significantly in⁃creased by 11.5%,which provided theoretical support for the application of fertilizer converted from the straw.

关 键 词：甘薯 秆快速转化有机肥 土壤养分 土壤病害 产量效益 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]