挤压铸造重型车辆铝合金轮毂组织和性能研究  

Structure and properties of high-strength aluminum alloy wheel hubs prepared by squeezing casting process

作　　者：张立君[1] 范云波[1] 赵洁[1] 邢志媛[1] 钟斌 史秀梅[1] 马兰[1] 张激 李岩[1] 王若兰 ZHANG Lijun;FAN Yunbo;ZHAO Jie;XING Zhiyuan;ZHONG Bin;SHI Xiumei;MA Lan;ZHANG Ji;LI Yan;WANG Ruolan(Ningbo Branch of Chinese Academy of Ordnance Science,Ningbo 315103,China;Huayuan New Materials Co.,Ltd,Ningbo 315103,China)

机构地区：[1]中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,浙江宁波315103 [2]华缘新材料股份有限公司,浙江宁波315103

出　　处：《兵器材料科学与工程》2020年第5期112-116,共5页Ordnance Material Science and Engineering

基　　金：院列风险基金项目(YFJ2020011)。

摘　　要：为研究挤压铸造铝合金轮毂组织及性能,选用ZL205A铸造铝合金和2A12、2A50、6061、7A04变形铝合金,并用反向挤压铸造工艺制备铝合金轮毂。借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机、布氏硬度计及高频振动疲劳试验机研究铝合金轮毂材料的微观特性及力学性能。结果表明:铸造铝合金和变形铝合金在挤压铸造状态下均为晶粒细小的铸态组织;铝合金轮毂的铸造热节处存在挤压铸造异常偏析;拉伸试样断口形貌呈韧性断裂;用ZL205A合金挤压铸造铝合金轮毂T5热处理后的抗拉强度、断后伸长率、硬度为464~473 MPa、8.5%~9.5%、115HB^118HB;用2A12、2A50及7A04合金挤压铸造铝合金轮毂T6热处理后的抗拉强度、断后伸长率、硬度分别为420~425 MPa、8.0%~9.5%、124HB^128HB,392~394 MPa、7.5%~8.0%、121HB^124HB,465~475 MPa、7.0%~7.5%、144HB^148HB;6061合金挤压铸造铝合金轮毂T6热处理后的抗拉强度、断后伸长率为295~310 MPa、5.0%~7.0%。ZL205A合金及2A50合金的疲劳强度分别为160 MPa及135 MPa。The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied on the wheel hubs prepared by squeezing casting with different aluminum alloys,including ZL205 A cast aluminum alloy and 2 A12,2 A50,6061 and 7 A04 wrought aluminum alloys.With the aid of metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope,universal testing machine,Brinell hardness tester and high-frequency vibration fatigue testing machine,the microscopic characteristics and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy hub materials were studied. The results show that both the cast aluminum alloy and the wrought aluminum alloy are characterized by a fine grained solidification structures in the squeeze casting state. There is abnormal segregation in the casting hot joint of aluminum alloy hub,and the fracture morphologies of the tensile specimens exhibit ductile fracture characteristics.After T5 heat treatment,the tensile strength,elongation,and hardness of the aluminum alloy hub material prepared by squeezing casting with ZL205 A alloy are 464-473 MPa,8.5%-9.5% and 115 HB-118 HB,respectively. After T6 heat treatment,the tensile strength,elongation and hardness of aluminum alloy hubs squeezed and cast using different alloys are as follows:2 A12 alloy is 420-425 MPa,8.0%-9.5%,124 HB-128 HB,2 A50 alloy is 392-394 MPa,7.5%-8.0%,121 HB-124 HB,7 A04 alloy is 465-475 MPa,7.0%-7.5%,144 HB-148 HB,6061 alloy is 295-310 MPa,5.0%-7.0%. The fatigue strength of ZL205 A alloy and 2 A50 alloy is 160 MPa and 135 MPa,respectively.

关 键 词：铝合金 轮毂 挤压铸造 宏观组织 显微组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG249.2[金属学及工艺—铸造]