玉米秸秆皮瓤叶分离机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of separation equipment of rind-pith-leaf for corn stalk

作　　者：张洪建 王德福[1,2] 孔凡婷 刘朝贤 黄会男 ZHANG Hongjian;WANG Defu;KONG Fanting;LIU Zhaoxian;HUANG Huinan(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部生猪养殖设施工程重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期541-550,共10页Journal of Jiangsu University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51405076);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701301);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA16B301)。

摘　　要：针对现有玉米秸秆皮瓤叶分离机存在适应性、生产率和分离率较低等问题,设计了一种结构简单、可靠性高的玉米秸秆皮瓤叶分离机.该机主要由除叶、分展、剥瓤等机构组成,组合笛卡尔坐标系和极坐标方式设计除叶机构,组合切割剥瓤与下抛原理设计剥瓤机构,并利用其试验平台,以影响其分离性能的主要因素为试验因素,分别以除叶率、瓤残留率为评价指标进行正交试验.结果表明:当弹簧线径、喂入辊喂入线速度和除叶辊转速分别为1.4 mm,1 m·s^-1和700 r·min^-1时,除叶率可以控制在较优范围;当切刀数量、顶板与切刀间隙、剥瓤辊转速和切刀安装角度分别为6把,1.8 mm,780 r·min^-1和45°时,瓤残留率可以控制在较优范围.根据以上优化参数进行玉米秸秆皮瓤叶分离机的研制与试验,结果表明:除叶率为97.5%,瓤残留率为2.8%,且外皮完整,瓤粒均匀,满足玉米秸秆皮瓤叶分离机的作业要求.To solve the problems of poor adaptability and low productivity and separation rate of the existing separation equipment of rind-pith-leaf for corn stalk,a separation equipment of rind-pith-leaf for corn stalk was designed with simple structure and high reliability.The equipment was mainly composed of leaf-stripping,stalk-spreading and pith-stripping device.Combining cartesian coordinate with polar coordinate principle,the leaf-stripping mechanism was designed,and the pith-stripping mechanism was also designed based on cutting pith-stripping and dropping principles.The main affecting factors on separation performance were taken as experimental factors,and leaf-stripping rate and pith residue rate were chosen as evaluation indexes to carry out the orthogonal experiment by the experimental device.The results show that when the spring diameter,the feed linear speed of feed roller and the rotation speed of leaf-stripping roller are respective 1.4 mm,1 m·s^-1 and 700 r·min^-1,and the leaf-stripping rate can be controlled in the optimal range.Under the conditions with the number of pith-stripping knives of 6,the gap between top plate and pith-stripping knives of 1.8 mm,the rotating speed of pith-stripping roller of 780 r·min^-1 and the installation angle of pith-stripping knives of 45°,the pith residue rate can be controlled in the optimal range.According to the above optimization parameters,the experimental results of the designed separation equipment show that the leaf-stripping rate is 97.5%,and the pith residue rate is 2.8%.The rind is intact with uniform pith particles,which meets the operating requirements of the separation of rind-pith-leaf of corn stalk.

关 键 词：分离机械 玉米秸秆 皮瓤叶 机构 正交试验 

分 类 号：S817.19[农业科学—畜牧学]