在政治与宗教之间:杰斐逊政教分离思想探析  

Between Politics and Religion:An Analysis of Jefferson’s Thought of the Separation between Church and State

作　　者：庞金友[1] 刘健 Pang Jinyou;Liu Jian

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院 [2]清华大学政治学系

出　　处：《政治思想史》2020年第3期90-105,198,199,共18页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：政教关系对美国政治文化传统的形成与变迁影响深远,在殖民地时代至建国前后表现得尤其明显。建国之父们几乎人人都有宗教背景,美国立国的重要文献中基督教底色更为浓郁。杰斐逊政教分离思想经由古典哲学与自然—理性主义道德哲学的双重灌注,排除了柏拉图哲学的宗教神秘主义与加尔文主义。杰斐逊在《致丹伯里洗礼派协会》中刻画的“教会与国家分离之墙”的政教分离原则,对建国时期的政治斗争走向、政教环境建构起到了关键的催化作用。杰斐逊的政教分离思想意蕴深远,不仅具有宪法阐释的意义,也为美国政治文化传统的铸就贡献了别具一格的精神遗产。It is especially obvious from the British colonial period to around the founding of the United States that the church-state relationship has a profound and lasting effect on the shaping and transiting of the American tradition of political culture.Almost all the founding fathers have religious backgrounds,and the important documents of the founding of the United States have even stronger colors of Christianity.Under the double influence of ancient philosophy and natural-rationalistic ethics,Jefferson’s thought on the separation between church and state removes the factors of Platonic-religious mysticism and Calvinism.The principle of church-state separation described by Jefferson in To Danbury Baptist Association is a key catalyst for political struggles and the construction of the environment of church and state during the founding period of the United States.Jefferson’s thought of the separation between church and state has not only been meaningful to the explanation and analysis of the United States Constitution,but also contributed to a unique spiritual legacy to the American tradition of political culture.

关 键 词：杰斐逊 政教分离 政治文化传统 

分 类 号：D097.12[政治法律—政治学]