从先验理性到经验理性——对林德布洛姆“渐进主义”决策理论的解读  

From Transcendental Rationality to Empirical Rationality—An Interpretation of Lindblom’s Incremental Policy-Making Theory

作　　者：沈莘[1] Shen Xin

机构地区：[1]中共天津市委党校社会学教研部

出　　处：《政治思想史》2020年第3期123-130,199,共9页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：林德布洛姆批评传统的完全理性决策理论,对“理性”在政策制定中的作用提出了质疑,有学者据此认为他放弃了对理性的追求。在林德布洛姆看来,以往的理性决策理论过分依赖少数决策者的先验理性,只关注决策目标的“最佳”,操作起来反而容易导致种种实质上违背理性的后果。由此,他提出了一套基于经验理性的渐进主义决策理论,着眼于多元决策主体的互动与政策制定过程的渐进,以能更好地实现决策的科学性与有效性。Lindblom criticized the rational policy-making theory and questioned the role of rationality in policy making,therefore some scholars believed that he abandoned rationality.In Lindblom’s view,the old rational policy-making theories relied too much on the transcendental rationality of a small number of policy makers,and only paid attention to the best of the policy-making goals,which could easily lead to a variety of consequences that were essentially contrary to rationality.Therefore,he put forward the incremental policy-making theory based on empirical rationality,focused on the interaction of pluralistic subjects and the incremental process of policy-making,so that the scientific and effective policy-making can be better realized.

关 键 词：林德布洛姆 渐进主义 多元决策主体 经验理性 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]