陕南农村留守儿童智力及运动发育的影响因素  

The risk factors of mental and psychomotor development of left-behind children in rural areas of southern Shaanxi

作　　者：王宝珠 杨雪 岳爱[2] 王博雅 WANG Baozhu;YANG Xue;YUE Ai;WANG Boya(Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital,Shaanxi Xi'an 710061,China;Shaanxi Normal University,Shaanxi Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西北妇女儿童医院,陕西西安710061 [2]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2020年第9期1166-1170,共5页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的探讨陕南农村地区留守儿童智力及运动发育的影响因素。方法于2015年4月至10月在陕西省11个国家贫困县开展婴幼儿营养健康现况调查,采用分层随机抽样抽取18~24月龄共222名留守儿童。采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表,调查婴幼儿智力及运动发育情况,分析留守儿童智力及精神运动发育迟缓的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,母亲受教育时间>9年的留守儿童智力发育迟缓发生率低于母亲受教育时间≤9年者(χ^2=4.06,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲受教育时间≤9年(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.12~2.26,P<0.05)、家庭经济贫困(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.08~1.93,P<0.05)是留守儿童智力发育迟缓的危险因素;母亲受教育时间≤9年(OR=2.58,95%CI:1.16~5.75,P<0.05)、家庭经济贫困(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.32~3.73,P<0.05)、食用食物种类≤3种(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.22~2.98,P<0.05)是留守儿童运动发育迟缓的危险因素。同时,与接受养育教导的儿童相比,近一周未接受养育教导的儿童发生智力发育迟缓的风险较高(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.23~2.00,P<0.05)。结论母亲受教育时间较短、家庭经济较差、未接受养育教导的留守儿童发生智力发育迟缓的风险较高;母亲受教育时间较短、家庭经济较差、食用食物种类较少的留守儿童发生运动发育迟缓的风险较高。Objective To explore the influencing factors of mental and psychomotor development of left-behind children in rural areas of southern Shaanxi.Methods A cross-sectional survey of was conducted on the nutritional health status of infants and young children in 11 national poverty counties in Shaanxi from April to October 2015,a total of 222 left-behind children aged 18 to 24 months were randomly sampled by stratified random sampling.Bayley scales of infant development was using to explore the mental and psychomotor development of children,and the influencing factors of mental and psychomotor development of left-behind children were analyzed.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that children with maternal educational time less than nine years had a higher risk of mental retardation than that of those whose mothers had more than 9 years of education(χ^2=4.06,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children with maternal educational time less than or equal to nine years was a risk factor for mental retardation(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.12-2.26,P<0.05) and psychomotor retardation(OR=2.58,95%CI:1.16-5.75,P=0.020).And poor family economy was a risk factor for mental retardation of left-behind children(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.08-1.93,P<0.05) and psychomotor retardation(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.32-3.73,P=0.003).Variety of food less than or equal to 3 was also a risk factor for mental retardation of left-behind children(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.22-2.98, P=0.005).At the same time,compared with children receiving parenting instruction,children with no parenting instruction had a higher risk of mental retardation(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.23-2.00,P<0.001).Conclusions Left-behind children whose mothers have less education time,poorer family economy and have not received parenting education have higher risk of mental retardation.Left-behind children whose mothers have a short education time,poorer family economy and less variety of food have a higher risk of psychomotor retardation.

关 键 词：留守儿童 智力 运动 营养 教育 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]