1961—2015年库尔勒市热量资源特征分析  

Variation Characteristics of Thermal Resource in Korla from 1961 to 2015

作　　者：李锦虎 王森 伊力达尔江·阿不力米提 胡启瑞 LI Jinhu;WANG Sen;Yilidaerjiang·abulimiti;HU Qirui(Jiashi County Meteorological Bureau,Jiashi Xinjiang 844300,China;Xinjiang Agro-meteorology Bureau,Urumqi Xinjiang 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]伽师县气象局,新疆伽师844300 [2]新疆农业气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《农业工程》2020年第8期62-67,共6页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：新疆气象局青年基金项目(项目编号:Q202019);新疆气象局科学技术研究与应用技术开发项目(项目编号:MS202006)。

摘　　要：气候变化使热量资源发生了变化,对农业生产的空间分布产生影响。研究热量资源变化特征对合理利用热量资源、调整农业气候指标和种植结构有指导意义。利用库尔勒市1961—2015年逐日气温资料,通过气候倾向率和Mann-Kendall突变方法研究库尔勒气温和≥0、3、5、10、15和20℃的初日、终日和持续日数,以及无霜初日、无霜终日和无霜期的变化特征。结果表明,1961—2015年,库尔勒市气温在1998年发生突变,年平均气温升高速率为0.29℃10年(P<0.01),突变后较突变前增温1.0℃;冬季平均气温增加幅度最大;≥0、3、5、10、15和20℃初日提前、终日推迟,作物生长季明显延长;≥0、3、5、10、15和20℃活动积温显著增加,气候倾向率为80.7、80.2、85.1、69.0、75.6和103.4 d·℃10年;无霜初日显著提前4.0 d,终日显著延迟4.3 d,持续日数显著增加8.4 d。近55年库尔勒市气温升高,积温增加,生长季、无霜期延迟,对农业引种和品种推广有积极作用,需根据热量资源现状重新确定合适的农业气候指标和种植区划。Climate warming results in changes of heat resources,which influences on spatial distribution of agricultural production.It is instructive to study change of heat resources to rationally utilize heat resources and adjust agricultural climate index and planting structure.Variation characteristics of Korla temperature and beginning date,ending date and duration of≥0、3、5、10、15 and 20℃and frost-free beginning date,ending date and duration were studied by using daily air temperature data of Korla from 1961 to 2015,through climate tendency rate and Mann-Kendall mutation method.Results showed that mutation of Korla temperature occur in 1998,annual average temperature rise rate was 0.29℃/10 a(P<0.01),1.0℃warmer after mutation than before;average temperature increased by the largest in winter;beginning date of≥0、3、5、10、15 and 20℃advanced,ending date delayed,crop growing season significantly extended;accumulated temperature of≥0、3、5、10、15 and 20℃increased significantly,change rates were 80.7、80.2、85.1、69.0、75.6和103.4 d·℃/10 a;non-frost beginning date significantly increased by 4.0 d,ending date significantly delayed by 4.3 d,and number of continuous days significantly increased by 8.4 d.In the past 55 years,temperature in Korla has increased,accumulated temperature has increased,and growth season and frost-free period have been delayed.It has a positive effect on agricultural introduction and variety promotion.It is necessary to re-determine appropriate agricultural climate index and planting zoning according to status of heat resources.

关 键 词：库尔勒 热量资源 活动积温 初日 终日 

分 类 号：S162.3[农业科学—农业气象学]