典型岩溶流域不同坡度等级下的土壤侵蚀与石漠化分布特征耦合分析  

Coupling of Rocky Desertification Distribution and Soil Erosion Under Different Slope Grades in a Typical Karst Basin

作　　者：陈金珂 蒲俊兵[2] 李建鸿[2] 张陶[2] 王赛男 曾锐 CHEN Jinke;PU Junbing;LI Jianhong;ZHANG Tao;WANG Sainan;ZENG Rui(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environmental Science,Southwest University School of Geographical Sciences,Chongqing 400715,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,Ministry of Natural Resources&Guangxi,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市岩溶环境学重点实验室,西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第5期1-9,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化演变及综合治理技术与示范:断陷盆地生态环境地质分异及石漠化演变机理”(2016YFC0502501);广西自然科学资助项目“岩溶环境学”(2017GXNSFFA198006)。

摘　　要：为定量分析岩溶区不同坡度范围内石漠化和土壤侵蚀的关系,以南洞地下河流域为研究对象,利用该区域2016年气象数据、遥感数据,结合改进的RUSLE模型,在遥感技术和地理信息技术的支持下对不同坡度下二者的关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)南洞地下河流域石漠化面积为740.64 km^2,其发生率为77.96%,以中度石漠化为主。区域中覆盖型岩溶区土壤侵蚀面积为444.54 km^2,发生率为66.55%,以微度侵蚀为主。裸露型岩溶区土壤侵蚀面积为688.86 km^2,发生率为72.51%,以轻中度土壤侵蚀为主;(2)裸露型岩溶区石漠化和土壤侵蚀主要发生在5°~25°坡度范围内,当坡度<25°时土壤侵蚀面积随着石漠化等级的升高先减少后增加,坡度>25°时土壤侵蚀面积随着石漠化等级的升高而降低;土壤侵蚀发生率在各个坡度内随着石漠化等级的升高而降低;(3)在裸露型岩溶区发生土壤侵蚀的范围内,各个坡度的石漠化面积随着土壤侵蚀等级的升高先增加后减少,在中度土壤侵蚀区石漠化面积达到最大。石漠化发生率与土壤侵蚀等级的关系复杂,其与石漠化并不存在单一相关关系。研究区石漠化问题严重,土壤侵蚀强度较大,必须加快区域尤其是5°~25°坡度范围内的石漠化和土壤侵蚀治理工作。Meteorological data,remote sensing data in the Nantong underground river basin and improved RUSLE model were used to quantitatively analyze the relationship between rocky desertification and soil erosion in different slopes,with the support of remote sensing and geographic information technology.The results show that:(1)the rocky desertification area in the Nandong underground river basin is 740.64 km^2 with the risk probability of 77.96%,which is dominated by moderate rocky desertification grade;the soil erosion area in the area covered by karst is 444.54 km^2 with the risk probability of 66.55%,which is dominated by micro-erosion grade;the soil erosion area in the bared karst area is 688.86 km^2 with the risk probability of 72.51%,which is dominated by light and moderate soil erosion grade;(2)rocky desertification and soil erosion in bared karst areas mainly occurre in the slope range of 5°~25°,soil erosion area first decreases and then increases with the increase of rocky desertification intensity,when the slope is<25°;when the slope is>25°,the soil erosion area continuously decreases with the increase of rocky desertification intensity;(4)in the soil erosion areas in the bared karst area,the rocky desertification area in various slope grades first increases and then decreases with the increase of soil erosion grade;the rocky desertification area reaches the maximum in the moderate soil erosion region;The risk probability of rocky desertification in the studied area shows the complex correlation with soil erosion grade,which is not a single liner relationship between them.Because the intensity of soil erosion is large and the problem of rocky desertification in study area is severe,it is necessary to pay more attention to the control of rocky desertification and soil erosion in the slope range of 5°~25°in this study area.

关 键 词：石漠化 土壤侵蚀 地下河流域 坡度 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]