黄土高原植被演替过程中土壤水分亏缺  

Soil Water Deficit During Vegetation Succession on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：张永旺 万珊珊 王俊 魏瑶瑶 屈亚潭[1] 刘世鹏[1] 常海飞[1] 王妍 上官周平[2] ZHANG Yongwang;WAN Shanshan;WANG Jun;WEI Yaoyao;QU Yatan;LIU Shipeng;CHANG Haifei;WANG Yan;SHANGGUAN Zhouping(College of Life Sciences,Yan′an University,Yan′an,Shaanxi 716000,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000 [2]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第5期120-125,132,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807520);陕西省自然科学基金研究计划(2018JQ3074);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金(A314021402-1813);延安大学科研项目(YDQ2018-21);博士科研启动项目(YDBK2017-25);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(16JK1861);大学生创新创业训练项目(201813066);延安大学引导项目(YDY2017-09);陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(16JS118)。

摘　　要：土壤水分亏缺在黄土高原植被恢复过程中表现较为严重,这对黄土高原的生态恢复与植被建设造成了很大的障碍。只有充分了解黄土高原的土壤水分特征及其亏缺状况,才能为植被恢复提供参考。对陕北黄土高原典型次生林地和草地的土壤水分进行了测量,对雨季和非雨季的山杨、沙棘、辽东栎和撂荒地土壤水分亏缺特征进行了定量评价。结果显示:3种林地0—500 cm土层的土壤含水量与储水量随着土层深度的增加都呈先增加后缓慢下降,撂荒地随着土层深度增加呈增加趋势,且其含水量与储水量是最高的。不同恢复植被的土壤含水量与储水量大小顺序为:撂荒地>沙棘>山杨>辽东栎。与撂荒地相比,3种林地的相对亏缺指数顺序为:辽东栎>山杨>沙棘,雨季的的土壤亏缺状况较非雨季严重,植被类型、土壤质地和土层深度是影响植被演替过程中土壤水分亏缺状况的关键因子。Soil water deficit is serious during the vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau,which causes great obstacle to ecological restoration and vegetation construction on the Loess Plateau.Only by fully understanding the characteristics of soil moisture and its deficiency on the Loess Plateau can provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration.In this study,soil water contents of typical secondary forest and grassland on the Loess Plateau were measured,and soil water storage capacity and soil water deficit on the Populus davidiana Dode,Hippophae rhamnoides(Linn.),Quercus liaotungensis Koidz woodland and layland in rainy and non-rainy seasons were quantitatively evaluated.The results showed that the soil moisture contents and water storage capacities in the 0—500 cm soil layer of the three kinds of forestlands increased first and then declined slowly with the increase of soil depth,and those at the layland increased with the increase of soil depth,and the water content and water storage capacity were the highest;The soil water content and water storage of different restored vegetation decreased in the order:layland>Hippophae rhamnoides(Linn.)>Populus davidiana Dode>Quercus liaotungensis Koidz woodland;compared with the layland,the relative deficit index of three kinds of woodlands decreased in the order:Quercus liaotungensis Koidz>Populus davidiana Dode>Hippophae rhamnoides(Linn.)woodland,the soil deficit in the rainy season was more serious than that in the non-rainy season;vegetation type,soil texture and soil depth are the key factors affecting soil water deficit during the vegetation succession.

关 键 词：土壤水分亏缺 次生林地 植被类型 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]