有机肥施用量对滇中烤烟农田生态系统氮磷平衡的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance in Flue-Cured Tobacco Sloping Farmland in Central Yunnan Province

作　　者：张晓花 王克勤[1] 宋娅丽[1] 温昌焘 杨小倩 唐倩 ZHANG Xiaohua;WANG Keqin;SONG Yali;WEN Changtao;YANG Xiaoqian;TANG Qian(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Soil and Water Conservation Workstation,Hongta District,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省玉溪市红塔区水土保持工作站,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第6期28-36,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划(2018BC001);云南省应用基础研究青年项目(2016FD044);云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目(050005113111);云南省科技厅“三区”人才支持计划。

摘　　要：为了探究不同有机肥施用量的输入对农田生态系统氮磷平衡中主要输入和输出的影响,以滇中二龙潭小流域烤烟农田生态系统为研究对象,设置6种有机肥施用量,分别为CK(0.00 kg/m 2),T 1(0.25 kg/m 2),T 2(0.50 kg/m 2),T 3(0.75 kg/m 2),T 4(1.00 kg/m 2)和T 5(1.25 kg/m 2),研究自然降雨条件下施用化肥后,不同有机肥施用量对烤烟农田生态系统径流泥沙氮磷流失量、土壤残留量以及烤烟氮磷吸收量之间平衡的影响。结果表明:(1)随着有机肥施用量的增加,不同处理下4场降雨径流和泥沙全氮、全磷流失浓度均值及径流、泥沙总氮、总磷流失量逐渐降低,均表现为CK>T 1>T 2>T 3>T 4>T 5;(2)烤烟收获后,土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量均高于背景值,分别高出20.53%~40.07%,52.83%~209.44%,19.53%~62.79%,25.79%~205.11%;(3)烤烟茎、根和叶片含量均随有机肥施用量的增加而逐渐增加,当施用量达1 kg/m 2(T 4)时,烤烟各器官氮磷含量在此施肥区间内达到峰值,各器官表现为茎<根<叶;(4)氮磷随径流占施肥输入氮磷量的8.19%~56.91%和15.28%~46.72%,随泥沙流失的量占3.05%~9.21%和16.14%~33.33%,土壤氮磷残留量占0.39%~68.37%和0.10%~64.21%,烤烟吸收量占20.39%~33.49%和11.83%~19.87%。综合考虑烤烟产量、成本投入及环境效益,T 4处理既能保证烤烟氮磷吸收量,又能显著降低氮磷径流流失,是一种环境友好型施肥方式。In order to explore the effects of different organic fertilizer application inputs on the main input and output of nitrogen and phosphorus balance in the farmland ecosystem,tobacco farmland ecosystem in Erlongtan small watershed in central Yunnan Province was taken as the research site.Six kinds of organic fertilizer application amounts were CK(0.00 kg/m 2),T 1(0.25 kg/m 2),T 2(0.50 kg/m 2),T 3(0.75 kg/m 2),T 4(1.00 kg/m 2)and T 5(1.25 kg/m 2).The effects of six kinds of organic fertilizer application amounts on runoff,sediment loss,soil residual amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and tobacco absorption amount in flue-cured farmland ecosystem were studied after applying the chemical fertilizer under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that:(1)with the increase of the application amount of organic fertilizer,the average concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss in runoff and sediment as well as the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss amounts in runoff and sediment decreased under four events of rainfall,which decreased in the order:CK>T 1>T 2>T 3>T 4>T 5;(2)after tobacco harvest,the contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil were all higher than the background value,which were 20.53%~40.07%,52.83%~209.44%,19.53%~62.79%and 25.79%~205.11%higher than those of the background,respectively;(3)the contents of stems,roots and leaves of flue-cured tobacco increased gradually with the increase of the application amount of organic fertilizer;when the application amount reached 1 kg/m 2(T 4),the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of flue-cured tobacco organs reached the peak within this fertilization interval;(4)nitrogen and phosphorus loss with runoff accounted for 8.19%~56.91%and 15.28%~46.72%of nitrogen and phosphorus input by fertilizer,sediment loss accounted for 3.05%~9.21%and 16.14%~33.33%,soil nitrogen and phosphorus residues accounted for 0.39%~68.37%and 0.10%~64.21%,and flue-cured tobacco absorption accounted for 20.39%~33.49%and 11.

关 键 词：氮磷平衡 氮磷流失 有机肥施用量 土壤含量 氮磷含量 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]