耕作和播种方式对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Tillage and Sowing Patterns on the Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：张书良 李文佼 朱金英 刘彩云 张洪勇 李升东[2] 王旭清[2] ZHANG Shu-liang;LI Wen-jiao;ZHU Jin-ying(Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,Shandong 253015)

机构地区：[1]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253015 [2]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第19期26-29,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD031003)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选出鲁西北冬麦区高产稳产最佳耕作播种方式。[方法]选用济麦22为试验材料,设计翻耕+双镇压(播前镇压和播后镇压)+等行距条播(行距20 cm)、翻耕+双镇压+宽幅播种(播幅8 cm+行距20 cm)、翻耕+双镇压+大小行条播(行距分别为25 cm和15 cm)和旋耕+播后镇压+等行距条播(行距20 cm)4个组合处理。[结果]翻耕+双镇压+宽幅播种能够提高有效穗数,增加干物质积累,增加穗粒数,提高产量;各处理对粒重增加影响无差异。[结论]翻耕+双镇压方式优于旋耕+播后镇压方式。在相同翻耕+双镇压耕作条件下,宽幅播种优于等行距条播和大小行条播。"翻耕+双镇压+宽幅播种"是鲁西北冬小麦区理想的耕作播种方式。[Objective]To identify the optimum combination of tillage and sowing patterns for high and stable winter wheat production in the northwest of Shandong Province.[Method]Cultivar Jimai 22 was used as the experimental material to investigate the effects of four different treatments of tillage and sowing patterns:(G1)conventional tillage with straw turnover+double soil compaction(pre-sowing and post-sowing)+strip sowing with consistent space,(G2)conventional tillage with straw turnover+double soil compaction+strip sowing with wide row,(G3)conventional tillage with straw turnover+double soil compaction+strip sowing with alternation of wide and narrow space,and(G4)rotary tillage with straw turn over+post-sowing soil compaction+strip sowing with consistent space.[Result]G2 treatment could significantly increase the effective tiller number,dry matter accumulation,spikelet number and grain yield than the others,and no significant difference in grain weight was found among the four treatments.[Conclusion]Conventional tillage with straw turnover+double soil compaction was better than rotary tillage with straw turn over+post-sowing soil compaction.Under the same conventional tillage with straw turnover+double soil compaction condition,wide-row strip sowing was better than strip sowing with consistent space and strip sowing with alternation of wide and narrow space.Conventional tillage with straw turnover+double soil compaction+strip sowing with wide row was the optimal pattern for winter wheat production in the northwest Shandong Province.

关 键 词：冬小麦 耕作方式 播种方式 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]