我国农村化粪池技术发展现状及趋势  

The Development Status and Trend of Septic Tank Technology in Chinese Rural Areas

作　　者：赖竹林 于振江[1] 周雪飞[1] 张亚雷[1] LAI Zhu-lin;YU Zhen-jiang;ZHOU Xue-fei(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第19期69-72,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100500)。

摘　　要：随着农村改厕的不断推进,截至2017年底三格化粪池厕所的数量超过8 000万个,在无害化卫生厕所中占比最大。三格化粪池不消耗动力,无害化程度高,因此深入了解化粪池对于农村改厕具有重要意义。为此通过Derwent Data Analyzer软件对中国、美国和日本的化粪池专利进行聚类分析,介绍了"厕所+化粪池+粪污利用"和"水冲厕所+化粪池+污水处理"2种改厕模式下化粪池技术的发展现状。通过分析总结,认为粪污资源化是农村化粪池未来重要发展方向,负压微水冲的节水技术和粪便减量化技术等可促进资源化,同时可采取"化粪池+"技术等改善粪便污水的处理效果。With the constant progress of toilet improvement in rural areas,the number of three-septic-tank toilet had reached more than 80 million by the end of 2017.It accounted for the largest proportion of harmless sanitary toilets.Three-squared septic tank did not consume power and has a high degree of harmless.Therefore,it was of great significance to understand septic tank toilets in rural areas.In this paper,Derwent Data Analyzer was used to conduct cluster analysis on the patents of septic tanks in China,the United States and Japan.Furthermore,introduced the technology development of septic tanks under“toilet+septic tank+fecal utilization”and“water flushing toilet+septic tank+sewage treatment”models.By the analysis and summary,it was concluded that the resource utilization of feces would be an important development direction of rural septic tank in the future.The water-saving technology of negative pressure micro-flushing and the reduction technology of feces could promote the resource utilization.Moreover,“septic tank+”technology could be adopted to improve feces treatment.

关 键 词：化粪池 农村改厕 粪污处理 资源化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]