甜玉米产量和氮磷养分利用率对施氮量的响应  

The Responses of Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Sweet Corn(Zea mays L.sacharata Sturt)to Nitrogen Fertilizer Input Rate

作　　者：崔玉涛 季贞希 张彪 代军 陈缘 陈昊东 李美 吕建国 陈有君 王弢 胡小康 CUI Yu-tao;JI Zhen-xi;ZHANG Biao(College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671003)

机构地区：[1]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理671003

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第19期157-165,共9页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41963007);大理大学博士科研启动费项目(KYBS2018028)。

摘　　要：[目的]阐明甜玉米产量和氮磷养分利用效率对氮肥施用量的响应模式,从而为改善甜玉米的氮肥管理方案、提高养分利用效率提供支撑。[方法]在云南省大理市的洱海流域开展田间试验,设置5个氮肥施用量处理(0、100、200、300、400 kg/km^2),测定鲜穗产量、籽粒产量、地上部生物量产量,以及茎叶、苞叶、籽粒、穗轴等的氮磷含量;计算收获指数、籽粒吸氮量和吸磷量、地上部吸氮量和吸磷量、氮肥和磷肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥回收率、籽粒氮肥利用效率、籽粒氮和磷利用效率、氮和磷收获指数及氮偏平衡。在此基础上,分析以上指标对氮肥施用量的响应模式。[结果]鲜穗产量、籽粒产量、籽粒吸氮量、籽粒吸磷量及磷肥偏生产力随氮肥施用量的增加呈渐近增长的模式,最大增长幅度均为17.2%(与不施氮肥的对照相比)。地上部生物量产量、地上部吸氮量和吸磷量随氮肥施用量的增加呈渐近增长的趋势,但其统计模型不显著。氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率及籽粒氮肥利用效率在施氮量为100 kg/km^2时最大,分别为27.20、2.51 kg/kg及3.2%,三者随氮肥施用量的增加而指数下降,最大下降幅度分别为73.6%、59.8%及59.9%。收获指数、氮肥回收率、籽粒氮利用效率、氮收获指数、籽粒磷利用效率及磷收获指数等指标在处理间的变化范围分别为22.9%~25.5%、5.5%~11.9%、22.3~25.1 kg/kg、28.3%~31.9%、30.1~34.3 kg/kg及20.2%~23.0%,且随氮肥施用量的增加呈下降趋势,但有关模型不显著。施氮量为115 kg/km^2时,以地上部总吸氮量计算所得的氮平衡值等于1.0。[结论]研究区域的土壤基础肥力较高,导致在较低施氮量时有较高的氮肥偏生产力,以及较低的氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥回收率、籽粒氮肥利用效率。茎叶吸收的氮向玉米穗和籽粒转移效率较低,由此进一步降低研究区域甜玉米的[Objective]To elucidate the response patterns of yield and nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)use efficiency of sweet corn(Zea mays L.saccharata Sturt)to N input rate,and then provide scientific support for improving N fertilizer management programmes,and increasing nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn.[Method]A field experiment amended with five N fertilizer input rate(i.e.0,100,200,300,and 400 kg/km^2)at Erhai watershed,Dali,Yunnan,PR China was conducted.The yield of fresh ear,grain,and aboveground biomass,and N and P content in stalks and leaves,husk leaves,grains,and shanks were analyzed,and then harvest index(HI),N and P uptake in grain,N and P uptake in aboveground biomass,partial factor productivity of N and P fertilizer(PFP NF and PFP PF),agronomic use efficiency of N fertilizer(AUE NF),recovery efficiency of N fertilizer(RE NF),grain utilization efficiency of N fertilizer(GUE NF),N and P use efficiency of grain(NUE grain and PUE grain),harvest index of N and P(HI N and HI P),and partial N balance(PNB)were calculated,and thereafter exploring the response patterns of the above mentioned indices to N fertilizer input rate.[Result]Fresh ear yield,grain yield,N and P uptake in grain,and PFP PF response to N fertilizer input rate presented an asymptotic growth model,and the maximum increment extent was 17.2%when compared with the control.Aboveground biomass and N and P uptake in aboveground biomass tended to increase asymptotically with N input rate,the associated statistical models,however,were not significant.The maximum PFPNF,AUENF,and GUENF was observed at the N input rate of 100 kg/km^2,and with the value of 27.20 kg/kg,2.51 kg/kg,and 3.2%,respectively.Increasing N input rate induced exponentially decrease of PFP NF,AUE NF,and GUE NF,and the maximum decrease extent was 73.6%,59.8%,and 59.9%,respectively.HI,RE NF,NUE grain,HI N,PUE grain,and HI P of the five treatments were within the range of 22.9%-25.5%,5.5%-11.9%,22.3-25.1 kg/kg,28.3%-31.9%,30.1-34.3 kg/kg,and 20.2%-23.0%,respectively,and these indices tended

关 键 词：甜玉米 氮肥利用效率 氮偏平衡 磷肥利用效率 洱海流域 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]