天水市高寒阴湿地区元帅苹果花期霜冻指标试验研究  

Experimental Study on Frost Index of the Marshal Apple Flowering Period in Cold and Humid Region of Tianshui City

作　　者：郭旺文 许赟恺 张浩良[1] 李霖[1] 吴婷芳 GUO Wang-wen;XU Yun-kai;ZHANG Hao-liang(Meteorological Bureau of Tianshui City,Tianshui,Gansu 741000;Weather Modification Services Centre of Tianshui City,Tianshui,Gansu 741018;Tianshui Xiaolongshan Forestry Bureau of Gansu Province,Tianshui,Gansu 741020)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000 [2]天水市人工影响天气服务中心,甘肃天水741018 [3]甘肃省天水市小陇山林业局,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第19期231-234,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41605090);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206023)。

摘　　要：以元帅苹果为研究对象,低温强度为主导指标、≤0℃温度持续时间为辅助指标,建立苹果花期霜冻害指标体系。采用大田试验,结合霜冻历史调查资料分析的方法,得到苹果花期花器发生轻霜冻(受冻率≤30%)、中霜冻(受冻率31%~60%)、重霜冻(受冻率61%~80%)和特重霜冻(受冻率≥81%)不同强度霜冻灾害的温度指标分别为最低气温≥-1.8、-3.9~<-1.8、-5.3~<-3.9、<-5.3℃,对应≤0℃低温持续时间≤2.4、>2.4~5.9、>5.9~8.2、>8.2 h。防霜措施以苹果园树冠盖膜、地表覆膜+熏烟、喷药+熏烟3种措施防霜效果最好。Taking the Marshal apple as the research object,the low temperature intensity as the dominant index and the temperature duration of≤0°C as the auxiliary index,the frost damage index system of apple flowering period was established.The field test was combined with the analysis of historical frost survey data to obtain light frost(freezing rate≤30%),moderate frost(freezing rate 31%-60%),heavy frost(freezing rate 61%-80%)and extra heavy frost(freezing rate≥81%).The temperature indexes of frost disasters with different intensities were the minimum temperature≥-1.8,-3.9-<1.8,-5.3-<-3.9,<5.3℃,corresponding≤0℃and low temperature duration≤2.4,>2.4-5.9,>5.9-8.2,>8.2 h.The anti-frost measures had the best anti-frost effect in apple canopy cover membrane,surface membrane plus smoke,and spray plus smoke.

关 键 词：苹果 花期 霜冻指标 试验研究 

分 类 号：S162[农业科学—农业气象学]