定时分步分段吸痰法在吸入性损伤患者气道管理中的应用  

Application of timed,step-by-step and segmented sputum suction in airway management of patients with inhalation injury

作　　者：王淑君[1] 鲁虹言 张燕[2] 马春亭 曾登芬 司亚 陈丽华[1] 周体[2] 申传安[1] Wang Shujun;Lu Hongyan;Zhang Yan;Ma Chunting;Zeng Dengfen;Si Ya;Chen Lihua;Zhou Ti;Shen Chuanan(Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery,the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,China;Nursing Department,the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形科,北京100048 [2]解放军总医院第四医学中心护理部,北京100048

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2020年第30期4171-4175,共5页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：军队后勤科研计划重大项目(ALB18J001)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨定时分步分段吸痰法在吸入性损伤患者气道管理中的应用效果。方法:选择2017年1月—2019年12月解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形科收治的104例吸入性损伤患者为研究对象,采取非随机对照研究,按照患者入院日期单双号分为对照组(n=49)和试验组(n=55)。对照组采用常规吸痰方法,试验组采用定时分步分段吸痰法,比较两组患者一般资料、肺部感染发生率、日吸痰次数。结果:两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组患者的肺部感染发生率为29.09%(16/55),低于对照组的51.02%(25/49),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组气管切开患者的日吸痰次数为6(3,6)次,未行气管切开患者的日吸痰次数为1(1,2)次,重度吸入性损伤患者的日吸痰次数为(6.56±2.96)次,少于对照组的14(11,19)、3(3,7)、(15.40±3.75)次,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:定时分步分段吸痰法可以减少吸入性损伤患者的吸痰次数,减轻护理工作量,同时有效降低肺部感染率,值得临床推广。Objective To explore the application effect of timed,step-by-step and segmented sputum suction in airway management of patients with inhalation injury.Methods From January 2017 to December 2019,104 patients with inhalation injury admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery,the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital were selected as research objects.A non-randomized controlled study was adopted,and the patients were divided into control group(n=49)and experimental group(n=55)according to the single and even day of admission.The control group received the routine sputum suction,and the experimental group received the method of timed,step-by-step and segmented sputum suction.We compared the general information,incidence of lung infection and the number of daily sputum suction of patients between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the general information of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of lung infection in the experimental group was 29.09%(16/55),which was lower than 51.02%(25/49)in the control group with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).In the experimental group,the number of daily sputum suction for patients with tracheotomy was 6(3,6)times,the number of daily sputum suctions for patients without tracheotomy was 1(1,2)times,and the number of daily sputum suctions for patients with severe inhalation injury was(6.56±2.96)times,which were less than 14(11,19),3(3,7),(15.40±3.75)times respectively in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusions The timed,step-by-step and segmented sputum suction can reduce the number of sputum suctions for patients with inhalation injury and the workload of nursing,and effectively decrease the rate of lung infection,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

关 键 词：烧伤 吸入性损伤 吸痰 肺部感染 

分 类 号：TS941.732.3[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程] R472[医药卫生—护理学]