秀珍菇菌糠对大棚蔬菜及其土壤质量的影响  

Effects of the fungi chaff of pleurotus geesteranus on vegetable and soil quality in greenhouse

作　　者：吉清妹 吴宇佳 张冬明 雷菲 曾建华 符传良 张文[2] JI Qing-mei;WU Yu-jia;ZANG Dong-ming;LEI Fei;ZENG Jian-hua;FU Chuan-liang;ZHANG Wen(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Soil/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hainan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation of Hainan Province,Haikou 571100,China;Institute of Vegetables,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所/农业农村部海南耕地保育科学观测实验站/海南省耕地保育重点实验室,海口571100 [2]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海口571100

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2020年第16期42-48,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省基金项目(318MS111);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2019110)。

摘　　要：以雪蜜小白菜、黑叶甜白菜及秀珍菌菌糠为材料,设不同菌糠用量与化肥减量配施处理,进行大棚蔬菜试验,研究不同菌糠用量一茬施入对连续3茬的蔬菜生长、品质及土壤的影响。结果表明,利用菌糠替代化肥氮量20%~40%都能提高大棚蔬菜的产量和品质,改善土壤质量,并有一定的延续作用。利用菌糠与羊粪有机肥及无机化肥混合施用,效果最佳,蔬菜的长势好,株高及茎粗值都最大,产量高,维生素C含量高,其硝酸盐含量最低或次低;第一茬采收后,与常规处理相比两种蔬菜的土壤pH分别提高0.18、0.17,有机质提高6.06%、11.19%,碱解氮提高-1.49%、5.08%,有效磷提高7.73%、4.40%,速效钾降低1.69%、1.99%,3茬的雪蜜小白菜分别增产14.5%、10.5%、5.8%,黑叶甜白菜分别增产12.1%、10.5%、7.1%。The experiment of greenhouse vegetables was carried out with the materials of Chinese cabbage named snow honey,Chi⁃nese cabbage named black leaves and the fungi chaff of pleurotus geesteranus.Different application rates of fungi chaff and reduced fer⁃tilizer were set to research the effects that different contents of fungi chaff of one crop on the growth,quality and soil of three consecu⁃tive crops of vegetables.The results showed that using fungi chaff instead of chemical fertilizer N can increase the yield and quality of greenhouse vegetables and improve soil quality in a range of 20%~40%and have a certain continuation effect.The best results ob⁃tained by using the mixture of fungi chaff,sheep manure and inorganic fertilizer was that vegetables growed well,such as plant height and stem diameter were the largest,high yield and high vitamin C content,its nitrate content was the lowest or the second low.After the first harvest,compared with the control,the soil pH of the two vegetables increased by 0.18 and 0.17,the organic matter increased by 6.06%and 11.19%,the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by-1.49%and 5.08%,the available phosphorus increased by 7.73%and 4.40%,and the available potassium decreased by 1.69%and 1.99%.The yield increases of the three consecutivecrops of the Chi⁃nese cabbage named snow honey were 14.5%,10.5%and 5.8%,respectively,the Chinese cabbage named black leaves were 12.1%,10.5%and 7.1%,respectively.

关 键 词：菌糠 大棚蔬菜 蔬菜品质 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] X71[农业科学—农业基础科学]