适用高比例新能源系统广域消纳的输电技术研究综述  

Transmission technologies adapting to power systems with widely-consumed high-proportion renewable energy

作　　者：刘增训 游沛羽 周勤勇 LIU Zengxun;YOU Peiyu;ZHOU Qinyong(State Grid Corporation of China,,Beoiong100031,China;State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102209,China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]国家电网有限公司,北京100031 [2]国网经济技术研究院有限公司,北京102209 [3]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京100192

出　　处：《电力工程技术》2020年第5期59-70,共12页Electric Power Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(SGTYHT/19-JS-215)。

摘　　要：针对特高压直流输送新能源存在的频率、电压稳定和连锁反应等问题,文中分析了目前研究较多、有可能在我国纳入规划的输电技术原理、应用场景和案例。从替代技术角度,对半波长交流输电提出替代特高压直流输电和构建立体电网的应用场景;对柔性直流输电技术分析利于组网的特点,提出用于新能源接入及构建直流电网的应用场景。以单位容量年费用法比较2类替代技术的经济性,得出柔性直流输电技术更优的结论,并研究分析了在不同输电距离和容量组合下年费用最低的直流电压等级。从辅助技术角度,对虚拟同步发电机(VSG)分析新能源调频特性,提出可应用于新能源高渗透率送受端电网的场景;对调相机分析动态无功调节能力,提出可应用于新能源基地的输电系统。基于4类替代和辅助技术的发展轨迹、我国电网发展历程及未来形态的变化,讨论并预测4类技术的发展趋势及其对未来电网形态的影响。The frequency unstability,voltage unstability and chain reactions could occur on renewable energy transmitted by ultra high voltage direct current( UHVDC) lines. Therefore,the theory,application and cases of power transmission technologies which are commonly researched and could be utilized in planning in China are analyzed. From the angle of alternative technology,the traits of half-wave-length transmission that act as a substitution of UHVDC transmission and can construct threedimensional grid are put forward. Flexible DC transmission has preponderances such as practicability to organize DC network,which can be utilized in the scenes to admit renewable energy and establish DC network. The economy of two alternative technologies is compared based on the principle of annual fee per unit capacity. Conclusion is that flexible DC transmission costs less. Moreover,the choice of DC voltage level on the basis of least annual fees under diversified combinations of transmission distance and capacity is researched and analyzed. The characteristics of frequency modulation of virtual synchronous machine for new energy are analyzed as an assistive technology. Its application in new energy high permeability sending or receiving end power grid is presented. The dynamic reactive modification capacity of synchronous condenser is analyzed. Its application in transmission systems of new energy is presented. On the basis of trajectory of four alternative and assistive technologies and the variation of the pattern of power system in the history and anticipated,the tendency of technology development and influence on the shape of power system are discussed and forecasted.

关 键 词：特高压直流 半波长交流输电 柔性直流 单位容量年费用法 虚拟同步发电机(VSG) 调相机 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]