首里城出土清朝瓷器及相关问题研究  

On The Qing-dynasty Porcelains Unearthed at Shurijo Castle Site and The Issues Concerned

作　　者：项坤鹏[1] Xiang Kunpeng

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院研究室

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2020年第9期92-107,126,127,共18页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：位于日本冲绳的首里城出土了若干清朝御窑瓷器和大量民窑瓷器,其分布状态、使用情况及废弃处理方式均与紫禁城相类。根据考古发掘来看,城中御窑瓷器为集中分布,民窑瓷器则散布各处。推测前者主要服务于以琉球王室为代表的统治阶层,后者中质量较高的作为御窑瓷器的补充在一些宫廷活动中使用,质量粗劣的供等级较低的人员或者活动使用。对于废弃无用的御窑瓷器,采取集中管理、挖坑掩埋方式,但从实际情况来看,管控较为松散。就来源途径而言,御窑瓷器主要来源于清代宫廷赏赐,民窑瓷器则来源于接贡船只随带等多种方式。A number of the Qing-dynasty porcelain objects from both imperial and civilian kilns are archaeologically unearthed at the Shurijo Castle site in Okinawa, Japan. The Shurijo Castle of Japan is close to the Forbidden City of China in the distribution and uses of the porcelains, and the means of the waste disposal. Relatively, the imperial wares are placed together whereas the civilian wares scattered everywhere. The imperial wares served the ruling class represented by the Ryukyu royal family. Of the civilian wares, the high-quality ones worked as the supplement to imperial wares on the less important court occasions, but the poor-quality ones are used by the people of lower ranks or at the lower-level activities. The abandoned imperial porcelainware were buried concentratedly in the pits by regulation. But actually, they are dealt with very much casually. The imperial porcelainware came mainly as the rewards from the Qing court, while the folk porcelainware were brought here by the tribute ships or any other means.

关 键 词：首里城 清朝 瓷器 使用 来源 

分 类 号：K883.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]