吸毒者多药滥用的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological Survey on Poly-Drug Abuse Among Drug Addicts

作　　者：刘志民[1] 周伟华 连智[1] 穆悦 曹家琪[1] 蔡志基[1] 杨征[2] 宋森林[3] 龚文林 王小平 滕英群 蔡大勇 朱光荣 

机构地区：[1]北京医科大学中国药物依赖性研究所 [2]解放军307医院 [3]北京瑞达医院 [4]贵州省药物滥用监测站 [5]西安市碑林区戒毒所 [6]哈尔滨市药物依赖治疗中心哈尔滨450010 [7]湖北省中医学院 [8]云南省玉溪市药物依赖治疗中心

出　　处：《中国临床药理学杂志》2000年第4期272-276,共5页The Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

摘　　要：调查目前吸毒者中使用麻醉药品、精神药品等多药滥用情况。方法：采用自行设计的“药物滥用情况调查表”，对北京、贵州、西安、哈尔滨、武汉和云南等地区戒毒所收治进行戒毒治疗的６５７例阿片成瘾者进行了调查。调查内容包括成瘾者人口学特征、药物滥用基本情况（药物滥用史、滥用原因、滥用药物主要来源等）以及本人滥用过各类物质在本地区获得的难易程度。并对５个地区 １５２例吸毒者的尿样进行抽样检测。结果：结果显示该群体中９０．３％（５９３／６５７）的人采用多药滥用方式吸毒。滥用药物的种类广泛，除违禁毒品（海洛因）以外，吸毒者中滥用过最多的５种药物分别是三唑仑（４２５例）、安定（４０１例）、曲马朵（３２７例）、二氢埃托啡（２５３例）和度冷丁（２４３例）；这５种物质获得难易程度如下：认为三唑仓“非常容易”获得的２８７例（占６７．５％），认为“容易”获得的１０３例（占２４．２％）；认为安定“非常容易”获得的３１５例（占７８．６％），认为“容易”获得的７３例（占１８．２％）；认为曲马朵“非常容易”获得的 ２０８例（占 ６３．６％），认为“容易”获得的 １１２例（占３４．３％）；认为二氢埃托啡“非常容易”获得的１１９例（占４７．０％），认为“?OBJECTIVE: Heroin is mainly abused drug in China. However, the pattern of polydrug abuse is increasing among heroin addicts in recent years. METHODS: In order to survey polydrug abuse, an epidemiological study was carried out among 657 drug addicts from 6 different areas of Beijing. Guizhou. Xian. Haerbin. Wuhan and Yunnan by using a self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS : The results showed that 90.3%(593/657) of subjects had the history of polydrug abuse. With the exception of illegal drugs of heroin and opium, the majority of abused drugs were controlled medical narcotics and psychotropic drugs such as pethidine, buprenorphine, triazolam and diazepam. The five most abused drugs were triazolam (425 cases). diazepam (401 cases). tramadol (327 cases). DHE (253 cases) and pethidine (243 cases), and most drug addicts could get those above five drugs easily from illegical routes. The main source of narcotic drugs was from black market, and the psychotropic drugs was from private drug store. CONCLUSION: The reasons of polydrug abuse among drug abusers were complex and multifactoral. First, drug addicts tried to substitute heroin temporarily with other narcotics or psychotropic drugs; furthermore, they tried to treat 'protracted withdrawal syndrome' after acute detoxification; finally, some drug addicts want to seek particular psychological effects from polydrug abuse, on specially, produced by interaction of different drugs. This results suggested that it is necessary to strength on the drug administration and to prevent diversion of narcotic and psychotropic drugs.

关 键 词：吸毒 流行病学 多药滥用 药品管理 麻醉药品 精神药品 药物滥用模式 

分 类 号：R595.5[医药卫生—内科学]