海图深度基准面的确定  

Points about Unification of Chart Datum

作　　者：史晓平 石景元 SHI Xiaoping;SHI Jingyuan(Donghai Navigation Safety Administration,Shanghai Hydrography Centre,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]东海航海保障中心上海海事测绘中心,上海200090

出　　处：《中国航海》2020年第3期79-82,共4页Navigation of China

摘　　要：海图深度基准面的确定受多种因素的共同影响,导致深度基准面计算结果存在一定的误差,制约海图成果的精度,影响航行安全以及港口、航道和海洋工程建设。为此,梳理当前我国海图深度基准面的确定方法,结合海洋测绘实际工作中深度基准面的计算和确定过程,全面分析我国海图深度基准面长期存在的不一致、不平衡和不统一等问题及其产生的原因,包括:计算方法自身局限、方法前后不一、计算资料差异、陆海垂直基准不统一、区域水文潮汐特征变化和深度基准面发布缺乏权威机制等。提出统一的深度基准面计算方法,可有效解决计算结果不一致的问题;加强水文控制网和高程控制网建设,为深度基准面平衡奠定基础;建立深度基准面计算、校核和发布机制,消除深度基准面不统一的不足,为我国海图深度基准面的确定和统一提供参考。Surveyors with different authority can define its own chart datum during processing variety of survey data,which causes application difficulties and safety problems in shipping and marine construction.The ways of defining chart datum in China are reviewed and the causes of inconsistency,imbalance and disunity of the chart datum are analyzed.The limitation and inconsistency of calculation method,multiple data source,different datum for land and sea,the variation of regional tidal characteristics are direct causes,but the most fundamental cause is that no organization is authorized to define the datum and related processes.To strengthen the construction of hydrological control network and elevation control network is the way to balance the chart datum.It is proposed that to ensure the consistency of the chart datum,an organization should be authorized to verify and issue the method of chart datum calculation.A calculation method of depth datum level is proposed for reference.

关 键 词：深度基准面 弗拉基米尔法 直接预报法 最低天文潮面 

分 类 号：P229.3[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]