基于线粒体编码核糖体基因的海蛇DNA条形码筛选  

The DNA Barcode Screening of Sea Snake Based on Mitochondrial Encoded Ribosomal Gene

作　　者：王湘君 陈文 苏海英 杜宇 林炽贤 Wang Xiangjun;Chen Wen;Su Haiying;Du Yu;Lin Chixian(Provincial Key Laboratory of Amphibian and Reptile Research,School of Life Science and Ecology,Hainan Tropic Ocean University,Sanya 572022;School of Life Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 201146;School of Ocean Science and Technology,Hainan Tropic Ocean University,Sanya 572022)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院生命科学与生态学院,两栖爬行动物研究省级重点实验室,三亚572022 [2]南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京201146 [3]海南热带海洋学院海洋科学技术学院,三亚572022

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第7期3008-3016,共9页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：动物学海南省普通高等学校省级重点扶持学科;两栖爬行动物研究省级重点实验室,三亚市专项科研试制项目(2016KS05);海南省高等学校科学研究项目(Hnky2017-47);海洋科学学科2018高等学校发展专项资金(第一期);2017年海南省重大科技计划专项资金(第二批)(ZDKL2016009)南海几种珍稀特色动物资源开发利用关键技术研究与应用(海蛇部分)共同资助。

摘　　要：海蛇是名贵中药材,也是滋补佳品,分子鉴定方法可适用于海蛇组织。为筛选适合海蛇DNA条形码的基因,本研究搜索并下载了GenBank上所有12S和16S基因序列。其中每个物种每个基因,尽量保留所有序列,但最多保留不同来源的5条序列。运用Mega软件比对后,建立MrBayes系统聚类树。结果显示,相对12S基因,16S基因序列包含物种多;其MrBayes树拓扑结构清晰,支持率高,适合作为DNA条形码。因此得出结论,不是每类物种的DNA条形码都必须是COI基因,对于海蛇的线粒体编码核糖体基因,16S适合度更高。筛选DNA条形码基因,可通过蛇肉、蛇皮、蛇胆、蛇血等组织,测得DNA序列片段,从而鉴定物种;可用于海关、餐饮、中药、环保等部门,从而保护野生动物,打击走私犯罪。Sea snake is a famous Chinese medicinal herb,and it is also a good nourishing product.Molecular identification methods can be applied to sea snakes.To screen the genes suitable for the DNA barcode of sea snakes,all 12 S and 16 S gene sequences on GenBank have been searched and downloaded.For each species,each gene has been preserved as far as possible,but most of the 5 sequences from different sources were kept.After the comparison with Mega software,a clustering tree of MrBayes system was established.The results have showed that the 16 S gene sequence contains more species than the 12 S gene,and the MrBayes phylogenetic tree based on16 S has clear topology and high support rate,so it is suitable for DNA barcode.Therefore,it is concluded that not all DNA barcodes of each species must be COI genes.16 S is more suitable in terms of the mitochondrial coding ribosome gene of the sea snake.Screening DNA barcode gene could be used to detect DNA sequence fragments from snake meat,skin,gall,blood and other tissues to identify species.It can be used in customs,catering,Chinese medicine,environmental protection and other departments,so as to protect wildlife and crack down on smuggling.

关 键 词：海蛇 DNA条形码 系统树 12S基因 16S基因 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]