面向混合索引的区块链系统的可查询性优化  

Queryability Optimization of Blockchain System for Hybrid Index

作　　者：郑浩瀚 申德荣 聂铁铮 寇月 ZHENG Hao-han;SHEN De-rong;NIE Tie-zheng;KOU Yue(College of Computer Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学计算机科学与工程学院,沈阳110169

出　　处：《计算机科学》2020年第10期301-308,共8页Computer Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61672142,U1811261,61602103);国家重点研发项目(2018YFB1003404);辽宁省自然科学基金(20180550321);中央高校基本科研业务费(N171606005)。

摘　　要：区块链技术具有去中心化和不可篡改性等特性,被认为是下一代的颠覆性核心技术。然而,现有区块链系统在数据管理方面的性能较弱,通常只能根据Hash值查询相关交易。当前对于查询的研究大多是将数据同步存储到外部数据库中,通过借用外部数据库进行查询,或是研究如何保证全节点的可靠性,没有从实际意义上解决区块链查询效率低下的问题。文中提出了一种新的解决方案。首先,将区块链数据划分成不同属性;其次,根据不同数据属性,结合区块链本身的Merkle树和多种索引结构,提出了一种新的索引——MHerkle树,该结构在充分保证区块链不可篡改性的情况下增强了区块链的查询性能;然后,设计了MHerkle树的索引构建算法,并根据索引提出了基于不同属性的查询算法以及范围查询算法;最后,通过实验验证了所提索引的可行性和有效性。Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization and immutability,and is considered to be the next generation of disruptive core technology.However,the existing blockchain system is weak in data management and can only query related transactions according to the hash value.The current research on query mostly stores data synchronously into an external database,and then uses an external database to query,or focuses on how to ensure the reliability of the whole node,but the problem of low query efficiency of blockchain remains unsolved in a practical sense.A new solution is proposed in the paper.First,dividing blockchain data into different attributes.Next,based on different attributes,combining with the Merkle tree of the blockchain and multiple index structures,a new index-MHerkle tree-is proposed to enhance the query performance of the blockchain,while ensuring the immutability of blockchain;Then,the index construction algorithm of MHerkle tree is designed,and the query algorithm based on different attributes and the range query algorithm are proposed according to the index.Finally,experiment shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed index.

关 键 词：区块链 查询 索引 不可篡改 优化 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]