土著丛枝菌根真菌对垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾生长及竞争的影响  

Effects of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and competition of Elymus nutans and Poa crymophila

作　　者：卢尧尧 张静[1] 李耀明[1] 刘荣荣 代心灵 林长存[1] 纪宝明[1] LU Yaoyao;ZHANG Jing;LI Yaoming;LIU Rongrong;DAI Xinling;LIN Changcun;JI Baoming(Grassland Resources and Ecology Research Center/College of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]草地资源与生态研究中心/北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第9期1688-1697,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“典型高寒生态系统演变规律及机制”子课题“高寒草地退化与恢复过程中植被–土壤的反馈作用”(2016YFC0501802);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2005010402)。

摘　　要：为了研究土著丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,AMF)对个体大小不同的两种禾本科植物生长及竞争的影响,以三江源地区栽培草地补播常用的两种主要植物垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)为供试植物,分别进行单株种植、单种和混种,模拟这两种植物在无竞争、种内竞争和种间竞争条件下的生长性状,结合不接种AMF(–AMF)和接种土著AMF(+AMF)处理,比较两种处理下垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾的生长指标和竞争能力,分析土著AMF侵染对植物生长和种间竞争作用的影响。结果显示:接种土著AMF能够成功侵染垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾的根系。植物生物量、株高、分蘖数的结果显示,在3种盆栽模式下,相比–AMF处理,+AMF处理显著改善了垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾的生长状况。相对产量、相对总产量和竞争攻击力系数结果表明,在种间竞争中,+AMF显著提高了冷地早熟禾的竞争能力(提高73.32%,P<0.05),但垂穗披碱草竞争能力有所降低。虽然无竞争状态下+AMF对垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾的生长都有促进作用,但在种间竞争条件下AMF对冷地早熟禾的生长促进作用更大,意味着AMF在植物群落中对相邻两种植物的贡献可能是不同的。本研究结果表明,AMF在调节植物种间关系和植物群落物种多样性的维持方面具有重要作用。To study the effect of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on the growth and competition of grass species of different sizes,Elymus nutans and Poa crymophila were planted singly,in pairs,or in mixed pairs in an artificial grassland,which simulated non-competition,intraspecies competition,and interspecies competition conditions,respectively,and some of the plantings were inoculated with native AMF.The native AMF successfully colonized the roots of both E.nutans and P.crymophila and significantly improved the biomass,height,and tiller number of both plants.In contrast,the AMF significantly reduced the competitive ability(relative yield,relative yield total,and aggressivity index)of E.nutans,but increased that of P.crymophila.These results demonstrate that,even though AMF can promote the growth of both species in the absence of interspecific competition,it preferentially promotes the growth of P.crymophila under interspecific competition and may differentially contribute to the competitive ability of the two plant species in natural communities.The results also indicate that AMF plays an important role in the regulation of plant interspecific relationships and in the maintenance of community species diversity.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 冷地早熟禾 垂穗披碱草 菌根依赖性 种内竞争 种间竞争 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]