发展中国家的大数据与共享经济:信任与声誉作为伦理考量  

Big Data and the Sharing Economy in a Developing Country:Trust and Reputation as Ethical Concerns

作　　者：索拉吉·洪拉达隆 李伟(译)[2] 华梦莲(译) Soraj Hongladarom(Department of Philosophy,Faculty of Arts,Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok 100700,Thailand)

机构地区：[1]泰国朱拉隆功大学人文学院哲学系,曼谷100700 [2]上海财经大学人文学院

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2020年第5期107-115,共9页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：美国印第安纳大学研究基金;上海财经大学研究生科研创新基金项目(2018110287);上海财经大学研究生科研创新基金项目(CXJJ-2019-383)。

摘　　要：共享经济和通过信息技术建立的对等商业关系在当今世界变得越发重要。然而信任和声誉是共享经济和经济嵌入型社会良好运作至关重要的关键概念。我们需要在以下两种极端之间找到一条中间进路,一种是赋予国家政府过多的权力来管理公民的声誉数据;另一种是赋予跨国平台提供商过多的权力,而这些平台提供商往往似乎完全绕开了政府。我想说的是在收集有关个人信息的数据时(这是创建声誉评分系统所必需的),需要有一种保障机制作为政府或公司不被允许进入的保护层。这个保护层本质上是保护个人作为民主国家公民的完整性所定义的一个参数。这个保护层作为企业需要遵循的一套道德准则的框架同时也作为一个指导方针,指向我之前提到的平台企业权力过度和过度自由这两个极端之间的平衡。我将通过我所称的“对等伦理”来论证这些结论。在对等伦理中,规范性概念被认为是任何有助于实现已经达成或尚未达成共识的预期目标的东西。换句话说,“好的”是任何有助于实现目标的东西,而“坏的”则与之相反。Sharing economy and peer-to-peer business relationships through information technology have become more important in today’s world.However,trust and reputation are the key concepts which are crucially important in the well-functioning of the sharing economy and the society in which the economy is embedded.A middle way needs to be found between the extremes of giving too much power to the national government to manage the reputation data of their citizens,or too much power to the multinational platform providers who often appear to bypass governments altogether.I would like to argue that in gathering data concerning personal information(which are necessary to create a system of reputation score),a safeguard needs to be in place functioning as a floor below which the government or the corporation is not allowed to go.This floor essentially works as a definition of a parameter that protects the individual’s integrity as a citizen of a democracy.This floor then acts as a framework for a set of ethical guidelines that corporations need to follow,and it also acts as a pointer toward the balance between the two extremes of excessive government power and excessive freedom of the platform corporations that I have mentioned earlier.I will argue for these conclusions through what I call peer-to-peer ethics,where normative concepts are taken to be whatever that is conducive to the desired goal that has already been agreed upon or not.In other words,what is“good”is whatever contributes to bringing about the goal and what is“bad”is the opposite.

关 键 词：共享经济 优步 爱彼迎 对等伦理 道德 信任 声誉 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]