上部叶采收方式对烤后烟叶品质及可用性的影响  

Effects of Different Harvesting Methods on Quality and Usability of Flue-cured Tobacco Upper Leaves

作　　者：张喜峰 刘伟[2] 李东阳 程朝晖 王静 邓小成 ZHANG Xifeng;LIU Wei;LI Dongyang;CHENG Zhaohui;WANG Jing;DENG Xiaocheng(Longxian Branch,Baoji Tobacco Company,Baoji,Shaanxi 721200;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266101;Baoji Branch,Shaanxi Tobacco Company,Baoji,Shaanxi 721000,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市烟草公司陇县分公司,陕西宝鸡721200 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [3]陕西省烟草公司宝鸡市公司,陕西宝鸡721000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第9期47-51,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宝鸡市烟草公司项目“烟叶工业可用性提升的关键技术研究”(KJ-2016-06)。

摘　　要：为宝鸡市陇县烟区上部烟叶的适宜采收方式提供科学依据,采用田间试验方法,研究不同采收方式对上部烟叶烤后外观质量、经济性状、化学成分及感官评吸质量的影响。结果表明:随着逐叶采收叶片数的增加,烤后烟叶的颜色变浅、油分增加、色度增强和叶片更柔软,上等烟比例与均价均升高,以上部6片或7片叶一次性逐叶采收效果较好;不同采收方式烤后烟叶的烟碱、总糖和还原糖含量均偏高,分别为4.16%~4.88%、31.49%~35.53%和26.54%~31.76%;总氮和钾含量均偏低,分别为1.93%~2.38%和0.94%~1.20%;氯含量严重偏低,为0.05%~0.07%;糖碱比和两糖比分别为5.67~6.77和0.83~0.89,均基本处于适宜范围;钾氯比为15.67~24.00,氯含量严重偏低,比值偏大;氮碱比为0.45~0.50,均偏低且水平相近;上部5片叶、6片叶和7片叶一次性逐叶采收烤后烟叶的评吸质量均优于常规采收。陇县烟区生产上可采取上部6~7片叶一次性逐叶采收,可提高其烤后烟叶的质量及可用性。To provide a scientific basis for the appropriate harvesting method of upper tobacco leaves in Longxian tobacco planting area,Baoji City,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different harvesting methods on the appearance quality,economic properties,chemical components and sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured upper tobacco leaves.Results:With the increase in the number of leaves harvested leaf by leaf,the color of the flue-cured tobacco leaves became lighter,the oil content increased,the chroma increased,and the leaves became softer,and both of the proportion and average price of the first-class tobacco increased,leaf-by-leaf harvesting effect was better with 6 or 7 leaves in the upper part;The nicotine,total sugar and reducing sugar contents of flue-cured tobacco leaves with different harvesting methods were all higher,which were 4.16%-4.88%,31.49%-35.53%and26.54%-31.76%respectively;The content of total nitrogen and potassium were lower,1.93%-2.38%and 0.94%-1.20%,respectively;The chlorine content was seriously low,0.05%-0.07%;The ratio of sugar to alkali and ratio of two sugars were 5.67-6.77 and 0.83-0.89,respectively,which were basically in the appropriate range;The potassium to chlorine ratio was 15.67-24.00,the chlorine content was seriously low,and the ratio was huge;The nitrogen to alkali ratio was 0.45~0.50,both were lower and similar in level;The smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves performed better than conventional harvest with five,six or seven upper leaves harvested leaf by leaf at one time.In Longxian tobacco production area,6-7 upper leaves harvested leaf by leaf was suggested to enhance the quality and usability of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：烤烟 上部烟叶 采收方式 烤后烟叶 品质 可用性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]