意思自治原则在我国涉外一般侵权领域的适用——基于我国法院审判实践的实证分析  

The Application of the Principle of Party Autonomy in the Field of Foreign-related General Tort in China:Based on Empirical Analysis of the Trial Practice of the Courts in China

作　　者：张溪瑨 Zhang Xijin

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2020年第5期102-114,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：中国人民公安大学基本科研业务费项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(项目编号2020JKF505);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(项目编号20XNF026)。

摘　　要：意思自治原则是私法自治理论在国际私法领域的延伸,《法律适用法》第44条开创性地允许当事人在侵权行为发生后选择法律,学界对此褒贬不一。通过对我国法院审判实践的实证研究表明,事后选法具有存在的必要性,来自相同文化背景的当事人或者基于程序利益和诉讼便利考虑的当事人,往往在庭审中以口头形式选择中国内地法(法院地法)作为侵权准据法。我国依职权适用冲突规则,在解释论上,《解释(一)》第8条第2款规定了法官的释明义务,法官应当主动询问当事人对于法律适用的意见,以探求其真实的选法意图。虽然事后选法具有不可替代的作用,但其作用空间有限,未来有必要对事前选法的必要性和可行性予以研究。The principle of party autonomy is an extension of the theory of autonomy of private law in the field of private international law.Article 44 of Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships made a groundbreaking effort on allowing the parties to choose the applicable laws by agreement after any tort takes place.However,Scholars hold different opinions on this issue.The results of the empirical study in the current thesis reveal that post-agreement of choice of law has the necessity and feasibility of existence.The parties from the same cultural background or the parties considering facilitation of litigation and procedure profit often choose lex fori during court trials.China accepts the ex officio application of conflict rules.Therefore,in the interpretation theory,Article 8(2)of Interpretations of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Application of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law for Foreign-Related Civil Relationships(I)stipulates the judge's obligation to explain,and the judge should take the initiative to ask the parties' opinions on the application of the law in order to explore their true choice.Post-agreement of choice of law plays an irreplaceable role,but its role is limited.It is necessary to study the necessity and feasibility of pre-agreement of choice of law in the future.

关 键 词：涉外一般侵权 意思自治 法律适用 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学] D923