农村劳动力转移与养老照护变迁  

Rural-urban Labor Migration and Changes in Elderly Care

作　　者：朱玲[1] 何伟[1] 金成武[1] ZHU Ling;HE Wei;JIN Chengwu(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第8期3-19,共17页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：中国社会科学院学部委员资助项目“城乡融合视角下的乡村振兴研究”的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：本文主要采用2003-2017年间全国农户抽样调查数据和2018年以来的案例调查信息,展示以儿媳侍奉公婆为特征的农家传统照护方式发生的变化。第一,纯由老人构成的住户显著增加。丧失日常生活活动能力者的主要照护人,越来越多地由老年配偶担当。第二,迁移工人夫妇在父母发生意外或生命垂危之际会立即返乡关照。当高龄父母需要长期照护时,年轻夫妇中的工资较低者通常留守家乡。第三,村庄社区组织的老年活动,能够丰富参加者的晚年生活,却无助于解决生活不能自理者的照护质量和安全不足问题。第四,利用养老院和上门护工服务的群体,多为中高收入者和政府予以财政兜底的五保老人。中低收入农户因支付能力不足,难以利用有偿照护服务。因此,将城市长期照护保险试点,扩展为覆盖全国城乡的社会保险制度,对于缓解照护依赖者及其家庭的脆弱性至关重要。Based on the household survey data collected in rural China during the period of 2003-2017 and the fieldwork undertaken since 2018,this report illustrates the changes in the traditional rural elderly care.Previously the daughter-in-law was taking care of her husband s parents.This pattern is no longer sustained.First,the number of households composed of elderly people alone has increased significantly.In this case,one of the elderly has to be the main caregiver for his/her dependent spouse.Second,when married migrant workers need to return home to look after their parents in critical condition,usually the one with lower wage,either husband or wife,will stay at home to provide the long term care for the husband s parents.Third,the activities organized for the elderly people by village communities have enriched the life of the participants,but did not provide sufficient and safe care services.Fourth,at present,those who are receiving nursing home and door-to-door care services are either senior villagers entitled to the“five guarantees for the elderly”or the middle-upper income group,while the middle-lower income group cannot afford such care services.Therefore,one of the most efficient ways to alleviate vulnerabilities of the care dependents and their families is to establish the long term care insurance system that has been tried in several cities as a nationwide social insurance system with universal coverage for both rural and urban population.

关 键 词：农村 劳动力转移 老年照护 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F323.89