模拟实爆条件下新型聚脲类材料对肺冲击伤的防护效应研究  

Bioprotective effects of novel polyurea materials on lung blast injury after simulated open-field explosion

作　　者：薛钰奇 张华才 文大林 杜娟[1] 张安强[1] 杨策[1] 蒋建新[1] XUE Yuqi;ZHANG Huacai;WEN Dalin;DU Juan;ZHANG Anqiang;YANG Ce;JIANG Jianxin(State Key Laboratory of Trauma,Burns and Combined Injury,Institute of Surgery Research,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,400042,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院野战外科研究所战伤救治前沿技术研究室创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室,重庆400042

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2020年第19期1875-1881,共7页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(613307);“十三五”军队“双重”建设科研创新项目(2019);陆军特色医学中心人才创新能力培养计划(2019CXJSA001,2019CXJSB007)。

摘　　要：目的通过肺冲击伤防护效应及冲击波超压峰值衰减效能进行检测、验证,筛选防冲击波性能良好的新型聚脲类材料,为冲击波防护装备的研制提供理论基础和材料支撑。方法采用7 kg TNT炸药球,在旷场空爆条件下,观察距离爆心3.8 m和5.8 m处被覆不同组合防护材料的人体躯干模型的冲击波超压峰值变化。根据新型聚脲类材料(PUR)分子结构和组分(分子结构改造、微米级玻璃颗粒夹杂)不同,以及与现役使用的防弹材料超高分子量聚乙烯(PE)组合分为8组:PE、PUR1+PE、PUR1G20+PE、PUR1G30+PE、PUR2+PE、PUR2G20+PE、PUR2G30+PE、PUR3+PE;每组材料组合于两个距离各测试1次。同时选择衰减冲击波性能良好的聚脲类材料品种,制备山羊胸部防冲击波模具,进行生物防护效应实验。选取24只实验山羊随机分为无防护组、PE防护组、优选聚脲(PUR)防护组和优选聚脲+PE防护组。根据7 kg TNT空爆冲击波超压估值,选择具有较强冲击波杀伤范围的距离爆心3.6、3.8 m处观察穿戴优选聚脲模具山羊在上述模拟实爆条件下,胸壁加速度、生命体征、肺脏伤情及其等级变化。结果在距离爆心3.8 m和5.8 m处,新型聚脲组对冲击波衰减效能较PE组分别增加23%~35%和25%~50%。在距离爆心3.6 m和3.8 m处,优选聚脲+PE防护组动物胸壁加速度较无防护组分别降低55.56%和65.20%,肺脏伤情较PE防护组显著减轻,伤情等级减轻2级。结论新型聚脲材料通过衰减冲击波对肺冲击伤有高效防护效能。Objective To detect, verify and screen novel polyurea(PUR) materials with better protective efficacy against blast wave by testing their bioprotective effects and peak pressure of shock waves so as to provide theoretical and material support for preparation of protective equipment against blast wave. Methods A 7 kg TNT explosive ball in a open field was exploded, and the changes in the peak pressure of shock waves to a human torso model were observed, which was covered with a series of PUR materials and located at 3.8 and 5.8 m from the explosion center respectively. According to the molecular structure and compositions(molecular structure modification, and volume fractions of micron glass particles), and combination with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene(PE, bulletproof material used in active service) or not, the first part of experiment was divided into PE, PUR1+PE, PUR1 G20+PE, PUR1 G30+PE, PUR2+PE, PUR2 G20+PE, PUR2 G30+PE, and PUR3+PE groups. Each type of material was tested once at 3.6 and 5.8 m respectively. Based on the results of above experiment, the selected PUR material with good blast mitigation was chosen and then used to prepare a goat chest mold to detect its anti-blast effect. Then 24 goats were randomly divided into the unprotected, PE, PUR, and PUR+PE groups. They were placed in a open field at the distance of 3.6 and 3.8 m from the explosion center(7 kg TNT air explosion). The chest wall acceleration, vital signs, and severity of lung injury were observed and compared among the groups. Results At 3.8 and 5.8 m from the explosion center, the attenuation effects of new PUR groups on shock waves were increased by 23%~35% and 25%~50%, respectively, when compared with the PE group. At the distance of 3.6 and 3.8 m, the chest wall acceleration was preferably lower by 55.56% and 65.20% in the PUR+PE group than the unprotected group, respectively. The lung injury was significantly alleviated compared with the PE group, and the injury was reduced by 2 levels. Conclusion The new PUR material has

关 键 词：肺冲击伤 超压峰值 胸壁加速度 聚脲 创伤和损伤 

分 类 号：R642[医药卫生—外科学] R826.63[医药卫生—临床医学]