过渡阶梯台阶尺寸对一体化联合消能工坝面掺气及负压特性的影响研究  

Research on the Influences of the Step Size of Transition Stair on the Aeration and Negative Pressure Characteristics of Integrated Combined Energy Dissipater Dam Surface

作　　者：王强 杨具瑞[2] 杨正林 蒋瑜 杨恩其 WANG Qiang;YANG Jurui;YANG Zhenglin;JIANG Yu;YANG Enqi(College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,Guizhou,China;College of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China;Tongren Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tongren 554300,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500 [3]铜仁市水利电力勘测设计院有限公司,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《水力发电》2020年第10期56-62,共7页Water Power

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH字[2017]7318号);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2017]319号);国家自然科学基金项目(51569010)。

摘　　要：基于阿海水电站一体化联合消能工,采用三维数值模拟探讨过渡阶梯不同台阶尺寸对一体化联合消能工坝面掺气及负压特性的影响。结果表明,随着过渡阶梯台阶尺寸的增大,阶梯坝面掺气空腔长度、掺气空腔面积和沿程掺气浓度逐渐增大;坝面最小掺气空腔不在水舌对称中心剖面,而在每股对冲水流的中心剖面处产生。当过渡阶梯台阶尺寸较小时,负压等值线分布在过渡阶梯的前几级台阶,随着过渡阶梯台阶尺寸的增大,负压等值线均分布在过渡阶梯的首级台阶内;首级台阶竖直壁面上边缘水气掺混区压强变化梯度最大;增大或减小过渡阶梯台阶尺寸,均有助于减小阶梯溢流坝面负压。故适当增大过渡阶梯台阶尺寸,既有助于提高坝面掺气效果,又可以减小坝面负压从而有效避免空蚀空化破坏。The influences of different step size of transition stair on the aeration and negative pressure characteristics of integrated combined energy dissipater dam surface are studied by using 3-D numerical simulation for on the integrated combined energy dissipater of Ahai Hydropower Station.The results show that,the length and area of aerated cavity,and the aerated concentration along the way of stair dam surface increase gradually with the increasing of step size of transition stair,and the minimum aerated cavity of dam surface is not in the symmetrical center section of water tongue,but produced in the center section of every offset water flow.When the step size of transition stair is smaller,the negative pressure isolines are distributed in the first few steps,and with the increasing of step size,the negative pressure isolines are distributed in the first step of transition stair.The pressure variation gradient of water-air mixing zone at the upper edge of vertical wall surfaces is the largest.All the increasing or decreasing of the step size of is helpful to reduce the negative pressure of stepped overflow dam surfaces.Therefore,an appropriately increasing of the step size of transition stair can not only improve the aeration effect of dam surface,but also reduce the negative pressure of dam surface,so as to effectively avoid the cavitation damage.

关 键 词：过渡阶梯 掺气空腔 负压 三维数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV653[水利工程—水利水电工程]