微生物菌剂对猪粪堆肥过程中堆肥理化性质和优势细菌群落的影响  

Effects of microbial inoculation on compost physical and chemical properties and dominant bacterial communities during composting of pig manure

作　　者：李昌宁 苏明 姚拓[1] 韩琪琪 梁建军 冉福 刘子越 刘玉祯 柴澍杰 滚双宝[3] LI Chang-ning;SU Ming;YAO Tuo;HAN Qi-qi;LIANG Jian-jun;RAN Fu;LIU Zi-yue;LIU Yu-zheng;CHAI Shu-jie;GUN Shuang-bao(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Mathematical Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]南开大学数学科学学院,天津300071 [3]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第9期1600-1611,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：甘肃省畜禽粪便资源化利用(GARS-ZJ-6);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目基于畜禽废弃物的肥料化生产及示范(2020C-16);新型农用促生、防病菌剂关键技术及新产品开发(2019-1-76)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握猪粪堆肥过程中微生物群落的演替规律与理化指标的相互关系,对提高猪粪堆肥营养品质和加速堆肥进程具有重要的意义。【方法】以猪粪和玉米秸秆(质量比6∶1)混合物为堆肥原料,耐高温菌剂主要含Acinetobacter pittii、Bacillus subtilis subsp.Stercoris和Bacillus altitudinis。堆体设接种菌剂(MI)和未接种(对照,CK)两个处理。常规监测堆肥温度和理化指标值,于堆肥开始后第4、12、24和32天采集样品,以16S rRNA高通量测序技术研究堆肥细菌群落的变化。用堆肥第4、12、24和32天采集的新鲜样品制备浸提液,进行紫花苜蓿种子发芽试验。堆肥结束时,测定全氮、全磷和全钾含量,并探讨微生物菌剂对堆肥理化指标和细菌群落演替的影响。【结果】接种微生物菌剂可使堆肥高温期提前2天出现,并且能延长高温期2天。堆肥浸提液的促生试验发现,在堆肥24天后紫花苜蓿种子发芽指数(GI)大于80%,且MI对幼苗主根的促生能力大于CK(P<0.05)。随着发酵过程的进行,堆体体积不断缩小,CK和MI中全钾(TK)和全磷(TP)含量一直呈增加趋势,在堆肥第32天,CK和MI的全磷含量分别为2.28%和2.63%,处理间差异显著(P<0.05),而全钾含量分别为1.81%和1.86%,全氮含量分别为2.65%和2.63%,pH分别为8.72和8.78,处理间差异均不显著。在整个堆肥过程中,MI和CK的pH变化范围分别为8.40~8.95和8.61~8.93;CK和MI中总有机碳(TOC)的降解速率在堆肥的4~12和24~32天均表现为MI大于CK,CK和MI的碳氮比(C/N)分别为13.28和15.26,差异显著(P<0.05)。堆肥过程中在门水平上占据主导地位的细菌群落主要包括Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes,在堆肥的高温期(堆肥24天),堆体CK和MI中Firmicutes的相对丰富度分别为17.4%和59.8%;在堆肥的升温期、高温期和腐熟期,优势门水平细菌群落Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Actinobacteria依次演替,且MI堆体中细菌群�【Objectives】Understanding microbial communities and their physicochemical indexes during composting process is important for the screening of efficient strains to improve the nutritional quality and accelerating the composting process.【Methods】Pig manure and maize straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 1 to 6 as the testing manure compost.The high temperature resistant microbial inoculums(Acinetobacter pittii,Bacillus subtilis subsp.Stercoris and Bacillus altitudinis)were inoculated in composting piles as the treatment(MI),and the piles without inoculation as control(CK).The temperatures and pH were monitored,and the compost samples were collected on the 4th,12th,24th and 32th day since the starting of the composting,and the bacterial community composition was analyzed using 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology.The collected fresh composting samples were also extracted with water,and a germination test of alfalfa seeds was carried out using the extracts.The contents of total N,P and K were determined at the end of composting.【Results】Microbial inoculation led to a 2-day advanced and 2-day prolonged thermophilic stage.The seed germination index(GI)was higher than 80%when soaked in the extract from the 24th and 32th day of MI composting,and the promoting effect on the taproot growth of alfalfa seedlings was significantly greater than that of CK(P<0.05).As fermentation proceeded,the volume of compost piles decreased gradually.On the 32th day,the content of total P in MI(2.63%)was significantly higher than that in CK(2.28%),while the total K,total N and pH were not significantly different between CK and MI.The degradation rate of total organic carbon(TOC)in MI was greater than that in CK on days of 4–12 and 24–32,and the ratios of C/N were 13.28 and 15.26(P<0.05),respectively.The dominant bacterial communities at the phylum level included Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Firmiutes and Bacteroides,and the abundance of Firmicutes in CK and MI during the thermophilic phase(on day 24)of composting wer

关 键 词：猪粪堆肥 微生物接种剂 腐熟指标 优势细菌群落 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]