小型油菜联合收割机吹禾气流管道结构优化设计与试验  

Optimization design and test of air-flow pipe structure in small-scale rape combined harvester

作　　者：王朕 黄浩 易应武 姜思思 蔡克桐 朱安林[2] Wang Zhen;Huang Hao;Yi Yingwu;Jiang Sisi;Cai Ketong;Zhu Anlin(Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xianning,437100,China;Xianning Vocational and Technical College,Xianning,437100,China;Sany Group Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,410100,China;Xianning Academy of Forestry Sciences Xianning,437100,China)

机构地区：[1]咸宁市农业科学院,湖北咸宁437100 [2]咸宁职业技术学院,湖北咸宁437100 [3]三一集团有限公司,长沙市410100 [4]咸宁市林业科学院,湖北咸宁437100

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第9期16-24,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：湖北省丘陵山区主要农作物机械化生产关键技术装备研发与集成示范。

摘　　要：针对中国南方丘陵山区油菜收割的现状,设计一种小型吹禾式油菜收割机,对该割台的吹禾气流管道进行结构优化设计,提高各分风管吹出气流的均匀性,从而达到减小油菜收获损失的目的。利用流体动力学软件Fluent对吹禾管道进行结构优化,对管道进行三种优化设计,并根据优化方案制造实物进行验证。数值模拟表明:按照初始模型仿真,分风管道气流速度在38.5~51.1 m/s之间,出口风速偏差S的最大值为17.66%,风速不均匀性C为9.59%;总风管锥形设计、分风管非均匀布置、调整分管孔径,有效提高分风管出口速度的均匀性,出口速度在45~47.5 m/s之间,出口风速偏差S的最大值和风速不均匀性C分别为3.50%、2.95%。验证试验表明:模拟结果与试验结果趋势一致,最大均差为6.49%,优化前后试验值对比:风速偏差S减少14.13%,风速不均匀性减少7.03%,优化方法可行,为进一步研究小型油菜收割机提供重要参考。In view of the present situation of rape harvesting for hilly and mountainous areas of southern China,a small-scale rape harvester was designed,and the structure optimization design of the pipe was carried out to improve the uniformity of the air flow from each branch-air pipe,so as to reduce the harvest loss in raping.Hydrodynamic software Fluent is used to optimize the structure of the pipe,and three kinds of optimization design are carried out,the manufacturing object is verified according to the optimization scheme.The numerical simulation shows that the velocity of air flow is between 38.5~51.1 m/s and the maximum outlet wind speed deviation S is 17.66%.The C of nouniformity of wind speed is 9.59%.The conical design of the main wind pipe,the non-uniform arrangement of the air pipe and the adjustment of the aperture of the pipe can effectively improve the uniformity of the outlet speed.The outlet speed is between 45~47.5 m/s,and the maximum S deviation of the outlet wind speed and the non-uniformity of the wind speed are 3.50%and 2.95%,respectively.Experimental results show that the maximum mean difference is 6.49%,the wind speed deviation S decreases 14.13%,the wind speed inhomogeneity decreases 7.03%.The optimization method is feasible and provides an important reference for further study of small rape harvester.

关 键 词：油菜收割机 吹禾气流管道 气流均匀性 风速偏差 风速不均匀性 

分 类 号：S225.33[农业科学—农业机械化工程]