增设伪造、使用伪造的文书罪:法理根据与条文设计  

Creating the Crime of Forging Documents and Using Forged Documents:The Justification and Legal Provisions

作　　者：姚诗[1] YAO Shi(Hunan University Law School,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《现代法学》2020年第5期167-181,共15页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：伪造、使用伪造的文书罪旨在保护文书的公共信用,这一保护目的具有立法上的合理性。增设该罪亦具有手段上的适当性、必要性和均衡性,符合比例原则。应当将“文书的公共信用”进一步细化为经由保证机能所实现的、文书作为意思观念表示证据的公共信用,以便合理说明本罪应采取的形式主义处罚立场。在条文设计上,应分别针对伪造、变造公文书或者使用伪造、变造的公文书的行为,以及伪造、变造私文书或者使用伪造、变造的私文书的行为设置相应的法定刑;无须将本罪规定为目的犯。应在本罪法益的指导下划定文书、伪造、使用等规范要素的边界。The crime of forging documents and using forged documents aims to protect public credit of documents,which is legislatively reasonable.The legislation of this crime is appropriate,necessary and balanced,which is fit for proportionality principle.As the legal interest of the crime,the public credit of documents should be refined as the public credit achieved by the guarantee function of the documents so that it can support the formalistic stand of the crime.In the specific legal provisions,it should set respective legally-prescribed punishment for the behaviors of forging public documents or using forged public documents and forging private documents or using forged private documents,and be unnecessary to regulate this crime as intent crime.Normative elements,liking documents,forgery and usage,should be interpreted under the guidance of the legal interest of the crime.

关 键 词：文书 伪造 使用 公共信用 比例原则 

分 类 号：DF62[政治法律—刑法学]