禁牧对藏北高原狼毒型退化草地群落特征及生产力的影响  

Effects of grazing exclusion on community characteristics and productivity of Stellera-dominated degraded grassland in the northern Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：水宏伟 干珠扎布[1] 吴红宝[1] 王子欣 吕成文 高清竹[1] 胡国铮 严俊 谢文栋 王有侠 SHUI Hong-wei;HASBAGAN Ganjurjav;WU Hong-bao;WANG Zi-xin;LÜ Cheng-wen;GAO Qing-zhu;HU Guo-zheng;YAN Jun;XIE Wen-dong;WANG You-xia(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China;Naqu Grassland Station,Naqu 852000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241000 [3]那曲市草原站,西藏那曲852000

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第10期14-21,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502003);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金(BSRF201713);国家自然科学基金(青年)(31600366)资助。

摘　　要：狼毒型退化草地是藏北高原主要的退化草地之一,禁牧是退化草地治理常用的措施。以藏北高原狼毒型退化草地为对象,于2010-2012年采用样方调查法对禁牧(2004年开始禁牧)和放牧样地的植物群落特征及生产力进行了3年的跟踪观测,旨在揭示禁牧对藏北高原狼毒型退化草地群落特征及生产力的影响。结果表明:1)禁牧显著增加了狼毒型退化草地地上总生物量(P<0.05),且时间越长,效果越明显。2010-2012年禁牧样地地上总生物量相比于放牧样地分别增加了62.4%、64.3%和70.2%。2)禁牧在提高其他牧草产量的同时,对狼毒生产力也有显著的促进作用(P<0.05),且随着禁牧时间的延长,这种促进作用逐渐强化。2010-2012年放牧样地狼毒地上生物量比禁牧样地分别低了43.8%、55.3%、89.3%(P<0.05)。3)禁牧有利于改善狼毒型退化草地群落物种多样性。随着禁牧年限的增加,禁牧样地物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、物种丰富度指数均显著增加(P<0.05)。4)放牧样地各类植物生物量随禁牧年限的变化与禁牧样地呈相同的趋势。综上所述,禁牧对狼毒型退化草地的恢复作用并不明显,还应结合其他的治理措施。Stellera-dominated degraded grassland is one of the more common categories of degraded grassland in the northern Tibetan Plateau.Protection by grazing exclusion(fencing)is a common measure for the restoration of degraded grasslands.We conducted observations over a three-year period(2010-2012)in both grazed and protected(fenced in 2004)habitats in a Stellera-dominated,degraded grassland,to explore how grazing exclusion impacts on plant community characteristics and productivity of degraded grasslands.It was found that:1)Grazing exclusion significantly increased the total aboveground biomass in the Stellera-dominated degraded grassland(P<0.05),with the largest increase in 2012.Compared with grazed grassland,the total above-ground biomass in the fenced habitat was increased by 62.4%,64.3%and 70.2%,respectively,in 2010,2011,and 2012.2)Grazing exclusion also increased aboveground biomass of Stellera chamaejasme(P<0.05).Aboveground biomass of S.chamaejasme in grazed plots in 2010,2011,and 2012 was 43.8%,55.3%and 89.3%lower,respectively,than that under grazing exclusion(P<0.05).3)Grazing exclusion was beneficial in that it improved the community species diversity of Stellera-dominated degraded grassland.The species diversity,evenness and species richness indexes all increased significantly as grazing exclusion time increased(P<0.05).4)The pattern of annual variation in aboveground plant biomass under grazing exclusion was similar to that in grazed plots.In summary,grazing exclusion has no obvious suppression effect on Stellera chamaejasme,so for the restoration of Stellera-dominated degraded grassland,other management measures should be combined.

关 键 词：藏北高原 禁牧 狼毒 群落特征 生产力 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]