不同地膜覆盖栽培模式对玉米产量、水分利用效率和品质的影响  

Effects of different plastic film mulching cultivation models on yield,water use efficiency and quality of maize

作　　者：李尚中[1] 樊廷录[1] 赵晖[2] 李城德 赵贵宾 赵刚[1] 党翼[1] 王磊[1] 张建军[1] 唐小明[1] 王淑英[1] 程万莉 LI Shang-zhong;FAN Ting-lu;ZHAO Hui;LI Cheng-de;ZHAO Gui-bin;ZHAO Gang;DANG Yi;WANG Lei;ZHANG Jian-jun;TANG Xiao-ming;WANG Shu-ying;CHENG Wan-li(Institute of Dryland Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Vocational College of Agricultural,Lanzhou 730020,China;Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业职业技术学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第10期182-191,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660364);甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心(2019GAAS45);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-55);庆阳国家农业科技园区(QNKB3-4);甘肃省玉米产业技术体系(GARS-02-06);国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0302402)资助。

摘　　要：揭示不同地膜覆盖栽培模式演替对玉米产量、水分利用效率和品质的影响,为旱地玉米优质高产栽培提供依据。本研究采用西北旱作区20世纪70年代至今不同阶段主推的窄膜、宽膜和全膜双垄沟播3种不同地膜覆盖栽培模式,以露地栽培为对照,测定不同栽培模式下玉米干物质积累量、产量和主要品质指标,播前和收获0~2 m土层土壤贮水量,结合玉米籽粒产量分析水分利用效率。结果表明,播后120 d,窄膜、宽膜和全膜双垄沟播平均干物质积累量较露地分别提高5.5%、11.2%和21.9%;产量分别较露地增产12.1%、18.6%和31.3%;水分利用效率分别较露地提高17.0%、24.1%和36.0%;玉米籽粒容重分别较露地增加2.7%、1.9%和1.8%;而平均蛋白质含量分别较露地降低0.17、0.14和0.22个百分点;不同覆盖栽培模式对玉米籽粒脂肪和淀粉含量影响差异不显著。综合来看,随着旱地地膜玉米窄膜、宽膜和全膜双垄沟播栽培模式演替,玉米抗旱增产能力逐步增强,但籽粒蛋白质含量呈下降的趋势。The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of different plastic film mulching cultivation models on maize yield,water use efficiency(WUE)and quality,in order to provide reference data for cultivation of dryland maize with good quality and high-yield.Four planting systems were tested in this study:a control with no plastic film mulching(NM),and three configurations of plastic film mulching;narrow plastic film mulching(NF),wide plastic film mulching(WF),and full plastic film mulching on double ridges with planting in catchment furrows(FFDRF).These various systems have been developed in the northwest dryland region from the 1970s to the present.The four planting systems were compared for soil moisture in the 0-2 m depth before sowing and harvest,dry matter accumulation,grain yield,water use efficiency and crop quality index.It was found that for the NF,WF and FFDRF treatments,respectively,average dry matter accumulation increased by 5.5%,11.2%and 21.9%compared with NM;yield increased by 12.1%,18.6%and 31.3%compared with NM;WUE increased by 17.0%,24.1%and 36.0%compared with NM;test weight increased by 2.7%,1.9%and 1.8%compared with NM and protein content decreased by 0.17,0.14 and 0.22 percent,compared with NM.The effects of different cultivation systems on content of the fat and starch were not significant.The data show that with the evolution of cultivation practice in the use of plastic film for dryland maize cropping,the moisture conservation for crop use and crop yield have increased with successive methodology developments,but the protein content of grain has decreased.

关 键 词：旱地地膜玉米 栽培模式 产量 水分利用效率 品质 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]