野生达乌尔黄鼠与室内F1代的社会性及社会行为比较  

Comparison on Sociability and Social Behaviors Between Wild and Laboratory F1 Generation Daurian Ground Squirrels(Spermophilus dauricus)

作　　者：王恒 赫晨[1] 杨晨希 马小梅 王建礼[1,2] WANG Heng;HE Chen;YANG Chenxi;MA Xiaomei;WANG Jianli(College of Biological Science and Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan,750021,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology Model and Applications of National Ethnic Affairs Commission,Yinchuan,750021,China)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,银川750021 [2]国家民委生态建模与应用重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第3期580-588,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03244);宁夏优秀人才支持计划项目(宁人社函〔2018〕656号);北方民族大学研究生创新项目(YCX20131)。

摘　　要：在进化上小型哺乳动物能够通过改变行为策略以适应局部环境的变化。达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus)是进行冬眠相关研究的模式动物,但关于其社会行为方面的研究较少。本研究通过旷场实验、社会性偏爱实验以及同性社会互作实验,检测了野生雌、雄达乌尔黄鼠及室内F1代的社会性及社会行为。结果发现,野生达乌尔黄鼠在运动性、焦虑水平、社会性以及社会行为包括社会探究、亲密行为、跟随及自饰行为等方面没有表现出性别差异,且非社会行为占比时间达到45%以上;室内F1代鼠与野生鼠相比,焦虑水平、亲密行为及自饰行为显著降低。在社会性偏爱实验中,F1代鼠对陌生同性个体表现出了更积极的探究行为,但野生鼠没有发现这样的现象。这些结果表明达乌尔黄鼠的社会性及社会互作程度较低,室内出生及成长环境会影响其焦虑水平和社会行为。Small mammals are likely to be able to accommodate to localized environment through alternative behavioral strategies in evolution.Daurian ground squirrels(Spermophilus dauricus)provide a natural model for studying hibernation.However,studies of the social behaviors of Daurian ground squirrel are lacking.We investigated the sociability and social behaviors in wild male and female ground squirrels,and the laboratory F1 generation when they were both kept under identical laboratory conditions.Our experiments employed open field test,social preference test and social interaction test.There were no differences by gender in locomotion,anxiety-like behavior,sociability or social behaviors,including investigatory behavior,affiliative behavior and self-grooming behavior.Nonsocial behaviors made up more than 45%of the total testing time.Compared to the wild ground squirrels,the laboratory-born F1 generations displayed significantly lower levels of anxiety,affiliative behavior,and self-grooming behavior,and they were more active in investigating a cage containing a stranger of the same sex than in doing an empty cage in social preference test,whereas such effects did not occur in the wild ground squirrels.These results indicated that Daurian ground squirrels have low levels of sociability and social interaction.The laboratory environment of birth and growth influences the level of anxiety and social behaviors.

关 键 词：达乌尔黄鼠 焦虑 运动性 环境 社会行为 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]