取食玉米行为对散放丹顶鹤繁殖期能量摄入及卵壳特征的影响  

Effects of Foraging Corn Behavior on Energy Intake and Egg Shell Characteristics in Wilding Red-Crowned Crane(Grus japonensis)Couple During Breeding Period

作　　者：杨志宏[1] 邹红菲[2] YANG Zhihong;ZOU Hongfei(College of Life Science,Agriculture and Forestry,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar,161006,China;College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,齐齐哈尔161006 [2]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第3期648-654,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470016);黑龙江省自然科学基金面上项目(C2016059);黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费面上项目(135409324);齐齐哈尔市科技局项目(RKX-201605)。

摘　　要：食物可获得性不仅与环境变化密切相关,也会对动物的生存或繁殖产生重要影响。2016年春季,扎龙湿地一块农田内一对散放繁殖丹顶鹤在取食已经播种的玉米种子。为了调查和分析这一行为发生对其生存和繁殖产生的影响,本文结合观察法、实地测量和DV录像方式估算其取食效率,对其取食玉米的能量与同期笼养繁殖鹤对摄入总能量进行比较,并对其首次产卵、再次产卵与笼养鹤卵的卵壳厚度、密度和钙元素含量进行对比。结果发现,这对散放繁殖丹顶鹤取食玉米种子效率高达91.22%,取食玉米的能量占同期笼养丹顶鹤摄入总能量的67.74%,其首次产卵卵壳厚度、密度及钙元素含量仅占其再次产卵和笼养鹤卵的75%和70%、73.33%和88.00%及74.62%和76.41%。本文认为,取食农田玉米种子是这对散放繁殖丹顶鹤的觅食对策,虽然成功生存,但是其首次繁殖失败与此有关。Food availability is affected by environmental change and,in turn,affects the survival and reproduction of animals.During spring 2016,for the first time,a wild red-crowned crane breeding pair was observed digging corn seeds in sown farmland in the core area of Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang,China.We investigated the impacts of this feeding behavior on survival and reproduction of this pair of cranes,and we estimated their digging efficiency using observation,field measurement,and DV video methods.We compared the total energy from corn intake with that from feed intake of caged breeding cranes in the same period.We also compared the thickness,density and calcium content of egg shells of the first and second clutches of eggs of wild and caged birds.The efficiency of digging corn seed by wild red crowned cranes was up to 91%.The energy intake of corn accounted for 68%of total energy intake of caged cranes in the same period.The shell thickness,density and calcium content of the first clutch of eggs of wild cranes accounted for 75%and 70%,73%,respectively,of that of the second clutch,and 88%,75%and 76%of that of eggs of caged birds.We conclude that foraging on planted corn seed by the wild breeding pair was a survival strategy.Although the pair survived,it failed to reproduce during its first-year post-release from captivity.

关 键 词：丹顶鹤 繁殖 散放 扎龙湿地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]