《美国、澳大利亚、印尼关于行使群岛海道航过权的19条规则》分析及评注  

Analysis and Comments on“19 Rules Agreed by the US,Australia and Indonesia on the Exercise on Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage”

作　　者：牟文富[1] MOU Wen-fu(Research Institute of Law,Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu 610071,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院法学研究所,四川成都610071

出　　处：《南洋问题研究》2020年第3期53-66,共14页Southeast Asian Affairs

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“中美新型大国关系中的海洋法律秩序问题”(14XGJ014)。

摘　　要：印度尼西亚是目前唯一指定部分群岛海道的国家,这些群岛海道是中国走向印度洋、西南太平洋、大洋洲的必经之道。中国发展远洋力量、维护海上战略通道安全、进行海上维权等战略目标均依赖于理解和适用对涉群岛海道国际法规则。本文以《美国、澳大利亚、印尼关于行使群岛海道航过权的19条规则》(“《19条规则》”)为基础考察群岛海道通过权相关法律问题,尤其是“通常方式”要求、提前通知、合理注意等关键问题。《19条规则》的核心为军舰、军用飞机的通过权问题。这需要在群岛国的安全与海军大国的海军机动性需求间维持一种平衡,《19条规则》大体上顾及双方的立场,对中国海军走向远洋也具有重要参考价值。Indonesia has hitherto been the only state which has designated some of the archipelagic sea lanes in accordance with UNCLOS.These archipelagic sea lanes are key passages for China to enter into the Pacific,India Ocean and Oceania.Achievement of some China’s strategic goals of,inter alia,development of blue water navy,safeguard key strategic sea passages and protection of China’s maritime interests,relies upon understanding and application of international law rules on archipelagic waters and sea lanes rights.The author tries to makes some inquiries on some legal issues of archipelagic sea lanes passage right by analyzing and commenting on“19 Rules Agreed by the US,Australia and Indonesia on the Exercise on Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage”(“19 Rules”),pointing out that the focal points are such issues as normal mode,notification in advance,and due regard requirement.The 19 Rules are highly relevant to passage by military warship and overflight by military plane.Some balance should be sought between national interests of archipelagic states and maneuverability of navy powers,and the 19 Rules have considered positions of both parties.These rules,though only in an informal form,are valuable reference for China’s navy to go to the deep ocean.

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 群岛海道 群岛水域 航行自由 飞越自由 

分 类 号：D910.5[政治法律—法学]