一例雉科鸟类跨属杂交及其亲本物种的鉴定  

Parental Species Identification of an Intergeneric Hybrid Phasianid

作　　者：杜焓瑜 匡高翔 马跃[1,3] 叶永红 李荣 李广龙 徐艳春 DU Hanyu;KUANG Gaoxiang;MA Yue;YE Yonghong;LI Rong;LI Guanglong;XU Yanchun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Chongqing Zoo,Chongqing,400050,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Detecting Center of Wildlife,Harbin,150040,China;Planning and Design Institute of Forest Products Industry,National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China,Beijing,100010,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]重庆动物园,重庆400050 [3]国家林业和草原局野生动植物检测中心,哈尔滨150040 [4]国家林业和草原局林产工业规划设计院,北京100010 [5]国家林业和草原局野生动物保护与利用工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第4期1036-1046,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(2572017PZ02);抢救性保护绿孔雀专项(213021101006)。

摘　　要：动物园的混群饲养和展览模式导致鸟类跨种甚至跨属杂交频繁发生,明确杂交个体的亲本物种与其繁殖管理密切相关。2019年重庆动物园发现1只自然交配产生的雉科鸟类杂交个体,从其形态特征上初步推测亲本可能为环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)、蓝孔雀(Pavo cristatus)或贵妃鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)。本研究以此样本为例,建立了一套鉴定流程。首先,通过分子生物学方法确定了杂交个体的性别为雄性;然后,比较了该个体与3个疑似亲本物种雄性群体的8项形态学指标的欧氏距离,经过聚类分析判定其亲本为环颈雉和贵妃鸡。其次,采用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)序列,计算该个体与3个疑似亲本物种的K2P遗传距离,构建NJ系统树显示该个体的母本为环颈雉。然后进一步利用15个微卫星位点,基于Nei氏遗传距离构建NJ树,发现该杂交个体与贵妃鸡遗传距离最近(0.166),与蓝孔雀的距离较远(0.535),判定其父本为贵妃鸡。以上研究为杂交个体亲本物种的鉴定提供两套可行的方案,形态学方案简单、低成本,但无法进一步区分父本和母本,且在测量过程中可能会造成动物应激反应;分子生物学方法可通过非损伤性采样避免应激,结果准确可靠,但成本较高,且受到微卫星标记的位点资源和种间通用性的限制。管理实践中可根据需要选择使用,或联合使用。Rearing and exhibition by mixing multiple species in one enclosure in zoos increases the chance of cross-species and even cross-genus hybridization.Identifying parental species is closely related to reproduction management in zoos.In 2019 at Chongqing Zoo,a hybrid chick resulted from natural mating in the phasianid enclosure.Its morphological characteristics suggested the parental species might be among ring-necked pheasant(Phasianus colchicus),Indian peafowl(Pavo cristatus)and royal chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus).Taking this case as an example,we developed a comprehensive workflow for parental species identification of hybrids.First,the hybrid bird was sexed to be a male using molecular genetic method.Cluster analysis was performed based on Euclidian distance by using eight morphometric indices measured on the hybrid and a few male individuals of the three suspected species.This analysis showed the hybrid bird was more closely related to ring-necked pheasant and Royal chicken,than to Indian peafowl.Second,the sequence of a mitochondrial Cyt b fragment was used to calculate and compare the K2P genetic distance between the hybrid and the three suspected parental species.Construction of a neighbor-joining(NJ)tree showed the maternal species was ring-necked pheasant.Furthermore,Nei s genetic distance between the hybrid and the other two suspected species was computed based on 15 microsatellite loci.Results showed the distance of the hybrid to Royal chicken(0.166)was closer than that to Indian peafowl(0.535),leading to the conclusion that the paternal species was Royal chicken.This case provides two feasible methods for parental species identification of hybrid.The morphometric method was simple and cost effective,but unable to distinguish the paternal and maternal parents.It also produced stress responses during measurement.The molecular biological method not only yielded parental resolution with high accuracy and reliability,but also supported non-invasive sampling to avoid stress to animals.Its disadvantage,how

关 键 词：雉科 跨属杂交 亲本物种鉴定 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]