我国华南地区藁杆双脐螺扩散动力学特性初步研究  

Preliminary study on the diffusion dynamics characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea in Southern China

作　　者：闵凤阳 李石柱[1] 王家生[2] 元艺[4] 郭云海[1] 朱孔贤 章运超[2] MIN Fengyang;LI Shizhu;WANG Jiasheng;YUAN Yi;GUO Yunhai;ZHU Kongxian;ZHANG Yunchao(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Ministry of Science and Technology,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission,Shanghai 200025,China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan,Hubei 430010,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所、国家热带病研究中心、WHO热带病合作中心、科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心、国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院 [4]湖北省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2020年第5期1-5,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0407603);卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室开放研究课题(WSBKFKT-201707);国家自然科学基金项目(51809012)资助。

摘　　要：目的研究我国华南地区深圳、东莞、惠州等地藁杆双脐螺在水体中扩散动力学特性。方法采用打捞法对深圳、东莞、惠州等地的10条河道25个调查点水体藁杆双脐螺进行调查,并通过GPS定位漂流试验对观澜河桂花新村段、龙岗河大围村段藁杆双脐螺随水流扩散特性进行分析;此外,通过对台风“山竹”前后葵涌河道的水文和藁杆双脐螺分布的监测分析洪水对藁杆双脐螺扩散的影响。结果2017—2019每年3月和10月,在深圳、东莞、惠州等地的多个河道打捞漂浮物1176kg,只在水葫芦上有零星藁杆双脐螺发现。漂浮物定位漂流试验表明,GPS漂浮物漂流距离在136~715m之间;打捞漂浮物发现,观澜河桂花新村段和龙岗河大围村段藁杆双脐螺逸失率分别为46.70%~60.00%和22.10%~30.80%,受漂浮物本身重量、河道流速和漂流距离影响显著。台风“山竹”前后葵涌河道的水文和双脐螺分布的监测表明,洪水使得观测河段的藁杆双脐螺密度显著降低。结论藁杆双脐螺在水体中主要是以悬浮物的形式向下游输运,洪水是藁杆双脐螺远距离扩散的重要因素。Objective To study the dynamic diffusion characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea in Shenzhen,Dongguan and Huizhou of Southern China.Methods B.straminea was monitored at 25 investigation points along 10 river channels in Shenzhen,Dongguan and Huizhou by salvaging method.The diffusion characteristics of snails along with water in the Guihua New Village section of the Guanlan River and the Dawei Village section of the Longgang River were analyzed by GPS location drift test.In addition,the influence of flooding on the diffusion of B.straminea in the Kuichong River both before and after Typhoon“Shanzhu”was analyzed by monitoring the hydrology and distribution of snails.Results In March and October from 2016 to 2018,a total of 1176 kg of floating objects were salvaged in rivers in Shenzhen,Dongguan and Huizhou.Scattered B.straminea were found on water hyacinths.Drift test of floats with GPS showed that the average drift speed of GPS floating objects was close to the river surface velocity.Affected by river current and wind direction,the GPS floats quickly drifted to the river bank and stopped in the stagnant area due to the blockade of water plants,stone and the bending of the shoreline.The drift distance of each time was between 136-715m.The test results of salvaged floating objects found that the loss rates of B.straminea were 46.70%-60.00%and 22.10%-30.80%,in the Guihua New Village section of the Guanlan River and the Dawei Village section of the Longgang River,respectively,which were significantly affected by the floating weight,river velocity and drifting distance.The analysis of the hydrology and distribution of B.straminea in the Kuichong River both before and after Typhoon"Shanzhu"showed that the density of B.straminea in the river was significantly reduced by the flood.Conclusion B.straminea is mainly transported as suspended matter in water body,and flooding was an important factor in its long-distance diffusion.

关 键 词：藁杆双脐螺 水流 扩散 漂浮 观澜河 龙岗河 

分 类 号：R183.5[医药卫生—流行病学]